Dr

Alexander (Alex)

Keeley

Journal articles

• Keeley AJ, Camara FE, Armitage EP, de Crombrugghe G, Sillah J, Fofana ML, Rollinson V, Senghore E, Jammeh M, Whitcombe AL , Bittaye A et al (2025) Publisher Correction: Early-life serological profiles and the development of natural protective humoral immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes in a high-burden setting. Nature Medicine, 31(10), 3570-3570.
• Townsley H, Locke T, Laundy N, Keil C, Keeley AJ, Hamilton J, Pandor A, Darton T & de Silva TI (2025) A systematic review of asymptomatic colonisation with Group A Streptococcus in lower and middle income countries. Journal of Infection. View this article in WRRO
• Keeley AJ, Camara FE, Armitage EP, de Crombrugghe G, Sillah J, Fofana ML, Rollinson V, Senghore E, Jammeh M, Whitcombe AL , Bittaye A et al (2025) Early-life serological profiles and the development of natural protective humoral immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes in a high-burden setting. Nature Medicine, 31(10), 3360-3371. View this article in WRRO
• Armitage EP, Senghore E, Camara FE, Jarju S, Jagne S, Ceesay E, Darboe FF, de Crombrugghe G, Keeley AJ, Hall JN , Angyal A et al (2025) Evaluating clinical decision rules and rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis in Gambian children: A diagnostic accuracy study. Journal of Infection, 91(2), 106546-106546.
• Locke TE, Keeley AJ, Laundy N, Keil C, Hamilton J, Pandor A, I de Silva T & Darton TC (2025) Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus colonisation among healthy individuals in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection, 90(4). View this article in WRRO
• Massai L, Carducci M, Rovetini L, Paterson A, Whitcombe A, McGregor R, Lorenz N, Keeley AJ, de Silva TI, Bennett J , Berlanda Scorza F et al (2025) Characterization of an IL-8 cleavage inhibition assay to determine the functionality of anti-SpyCEP antibodies in human sera. Journal of Immunological Methods, 536, 113786-113786.
• Hall JN, Armitage EP, Senghore E, Darboe S, Barry M, Camara J, Bah S, Keeley AJ, McCarthy JS, Smeesters P , Turner CE et al (2025) Molecular methods enhance the detection of pyoderma-related Streptococcus pyogenes and emm-type distribution in children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 231(1), e28-e37. View this article in WRRO
• Armitage EP, de Crombrugghe G, Keeley AJ, Senghore E, Camara FE, Jammeh M, Bittaye A, Ceesay H, Ceesay I, Samateh B , Manneh M et al (2024) Streptococcus pyogenes carriage and infection within households in The Gambia: a longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet Microbe, 5(7), 679-688.
• Suau Sans M, Manneh M, Ceesay I, Bittaye A, de Crombrugghe G, Keeley AJ, de Silva TI, Palmer J, Armitage EP & Marks M (2024) Health-seeking behaviour and beliefs around sore throat in The Gambia: A qualitative study. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(3). View this article in WRRO
• Boero E, Carducci M, Keeley AJ, Berlanda Scorza F, Iturriza-Gómara M, Moriel DG & Rossi O (2024) A flow cytometry-based assay to determine the ability of anti-Streptococcus pyogenes antibodies to mediate monocytic phagocytosis in human sera. Journal of Immunological Methods, 528, 113652-113652.
• Carducci M, Whitcombe A, Rovetini L, Massai L, Keeley AJ, de Silva TI, Bennett J, Berlanda Scorza F, Iturriza M, Moreland NJ , Moriel DG et al (2024) Development and characterization of a hemolysis inhibition assay to determine functionality of anti-Streptolysin O antibodies in human sera. Journal of Immunological Methods, 526, 113618-113618.
• Armitage EP, Keeley AJ, de Crombrugghe G, Senghore E, Camara FE, Jammeh M, Bittaye A, Ceesay H, Ceesay I, Samateh B , Manneh M et al (2023) Streptococcus pyogenes carriage acquisition, persistence and transmission dynamics within households in The Gambia (SpyCATS): protocol for a longitudinal household cohort study. Wellcome Open Research, 8. View this article in WRRO
• Keeley AJ, Groves D, Armitage EP, Senghore E, Jagne YJ, Sallah HJ, Drammeh S, Angyal A, Hornsby H, de Crombrugghe G , Smeesters PR et al (2023) Streptococcus pyogenes Colonization in Children Aged 24–59 Months in the Gambia: Impact of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine and Associated Serological Responses. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 228(7), 957-965. View this article in WRRO
• Armitage EP, Keeley AJ, de Crombrugghe G, Senghore E, Camara FE, Jammeh M, Bittaye A, Ceesay H, Ceesay I, Samateh B , Manneh M et al (2023) Streptococcus pyogenes carriage acquisition, persistence and transmission dynamics within households in The Gambia (SpyCATS): protocol for a longitudinal household cohort study [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Research, 8. View this article in WRRO
• Bah S, Keeley A, Armitage E, Khalid H, Chaudhuri R, Senghore E, Manneh J, Tilley L, Marks M, Darboe S , Sesay A et al (2023) Genomic characterization of skin and soft tissue Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from a low-income and a high-income setting. mSphere, 8(1). View this article in WRRO
• Parker MD, Stewart H, Shehata OM, Lindsey BB, Shah DR, Hsu S, Keeley AJ, Partridge DG, Leary S, Cope A , State A et al (2022) Altered subgenomic RNA abundance provides unique insight into SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7/Alpha variant infections. Communications Biology, 5. View this article in WRRO
• Keeley AJ, Carducci M, Massai L, Pizza M, de Silva TI, G. Moriel D & Rossi O (2022) Development and characterisation of a four-plex assay to measure Streptococcus pyogenes antigen-specific IgG in human sera. Methods and Protocols, 5(4). View this article in WRRO
• Lindsey BB, Villabona-Arenas CJ, Campbell F, Keeley AJ, Parker MD, Shah DR, Parsons H, Zhang P, Kakkar N, Gallis M , Foulkes BH et al (2022) Publisher Correction: Characterising within-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission events using epidemiological and viral genomic data across two pandemic waves. Nature Communications, 13(1).
• Lindsey BB, Villabona-Arenas CJ, Campbell F, Keeley AJ, Parker MD, Shah DR, Parsons H, Zhang P, Kakkar N, Gallis M , Foulkes BH et al (2022) Characterising within-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission events using epidemiological and viral genomic data across two pandemic waves. Nature Communications, 13(1). View this article in WRRO
• Jagne I, Keeley AJ, Bojang A, Camara B, Jallow E, Senghore E, Oluwalana C, Bah SY, Turner CE, Sesay AK , D’Alessandro U et al (2022) Impact of intra-partum azithromycin on carriage of group A streptococcus in the Gambia: a posthoc analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1). View this article in WRRO
• Leary S, Gaudieri S, Parker M, Chopra A, James I, Pakala S, Alves E, John M, Lindsey B, Keeley A , Rowland-Jones S et al (2021) Generation of a novel SARS-CoV-2 sub-genomic RNA due to the R203K/G204R variant in nucleocapsid: homologous recombination has potential to change SARS-CoV-2 at both protein and RNA level. Pathogens and Immunity, 6(2), 27-49. View this article in WRRO
• Stirrup O, Hughes J, Parker M, Partridge DG, Shepherd JG, Blackstone J, Coll F, Keeley A, Lindsey BB, Marek A , Peters C et al (2021) Rapid feedback on hospital onset SARS-CoV-2 infections combining epidemiological and sequencing data. eLife, 10. View this article in WRRO
• Parker MD, Lindsey BB, Leary S, Gaudieri S, Chopra A, Wyles M, Angyal A, Green LR, Parsons P, Tucker RM , Brown R et al (2021) Subgenomic RNA identification in SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing data. Genome Research, 31(4), 645-658. View this article in WRRO
• Jabang S, Erhart A, Darboe S, Baldeh A-K, Delforge V, Watson G, Foster-Nyarko E, Salaudeen R, Lawal B, Mackenzie G , Botteaux A et al (2021) Molecular epidemiology of group A streptococcus infections in The Gambia. Vaccines, 9(2). View this article in WRRO
• Limani F, Dula D, Keeley AJ, Joekes E, Phiri T, Tembo E, Gadama L, Nnensa V, Jordan S, Mallewa J & Kreuels B (2021) Diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound in medical inpatients at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi: an observational study of practice and evaluation of implementation. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 115(8), 863-869.
• Colton H, Ankcorn M, Yavuz M, Tovey L, Cope A, Raza M, Keeley AJ, State A, Poller B, Parker M , de Silva TI et al (2021) Improved sensitivity using a dual target, E and RdRp assay for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection : experience at a large NHS Foundation Trust in the UK. Journal of Infection, 82(1), 159-198. View this article in WRRO
• Korber B, Fischer WM, Gnanakaran S, Yoon H, Theiler J, Abfalterer W, Hengartner N, Giorgi EE, Bhattacharya T, Foley B , Hastie KM et al (2020) Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus. Cell, 182(4), 812-827.e19. View this article in WRRO
• The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium , Wang D, Angyal A, Brown RL, Carrilero L, de Silva TI, Green LR, Groves DC, Keeley AJ, Lindsey BB , Parker MD et al (2020) An integrated national scale SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance network. The Lancet Microbe, 1(3), e99-e100. View this article in WRRO
• Keeley AJ, Parkash V, Tunbridge A, Greig J, Collini P, McKane W & Tattersall RS (2020) Anakinra in the treatment of protracted paradoxical inflammatory reactions in HIV-associated tuberculosis in the United Kingdom : a report of two cases. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 31(8), 808-812. View this article in WRRO
• Keeley AJ, Evans CM & de Silva TI (2020) Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: the tip or the iceberg?. Thorax, 75(8), 621-622. View this article in WRRO
• Keeley AJ, Parkash V, Tunbridge A, Greig J, Collini P & Tattersall RS (2020) P24 The successful use of anakinra to control protracted immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV associated tuberculosis: a report of two cases. Rheumatology, 59(Supplement_2).
• Keeley AJ, Evans C, Colton H, Ankcorn M, Cope A, State A, Bennett T, Giri P, de Silva TI & Raza M (2020) Roll-out of SARS-CoV-2 testing for healthcare workers at a large NHS foundation trust in the United Kingdom, March 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25(14). View this article in WRRO
• Lingard J, Keeley AJ & Douglas J (2019) Lyme disease. InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice, 12(6), 304-309.
• Keeley AJ, Hammersley D & Dhamrait SS (2018) A case of myopericarditis caused by Neisseria meningitidis W135 serogroup with protracted inflammatory syndrome. Clinical Medicine, 18(3), 253-255.
• Keeley A, Hine P & Nsutebu E (2017) The recognition and management of sepsis and septic shock: a guide for non-intensivists. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 93(1104), 626-634.
• Underwood J, Cresswell F, Salam AP, Keeley AJ, Cleland C, John L & Davidson RN (2017) Complications of miliary tuberculosis: low mortality and predictive biomarkers from a UK cohort. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(1).
• Beadsworth MBJ, Keeley AJ, Roberts P, Farragher B, Watson A & Beeching NJ (2014) Clostridium difficile toxin in adult inpatients in an urban hospital in Malawi: Associations with HIV status, CD4 count and Diarrhoea. International Journal of Tropical Medicine, 9(1), 7-9.
• de Crombrugghe G, Armitage EP, Keeley AJ, Senghore E, Camara F, Jammeh M, Bittaye A, Ceesay H, Ceesay I, Samateh B , Manneh M et al () Household Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes Carriage and Infection in The Gambia. The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
• Keeley AJ & Nsutebu E () Improving sepsis care in Africa: an opportunity for change?. Pan African Medical Journal, 40.
• Keeley AJ, Hammersley D & Dissanayake M () Successful conservative management of a permanent pacemaker pocket infection: a less invasive approach. BMJ Case Reports, 2017.
• Keeley AJ, Beeching NJ, Stott KE, Roberts P, Watson A & Beadsworth MJ () Clostridium difficile: A healthcare-associated infection of unknown significance in adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Malawi Medical Journal, 28(2), 66-66.

Conference proceedings

• Dula D, Limani F, Nnesa V, Keeley A, Mallewa J, Joekes E, Jordan S, Gadama L & Kreuels B (2019) THE USE OF MEDICAL POINT OF CARE ULTRASOUND (POCUS) IN INPATIENTS IN QUEEN ELIZABETH CENTRAL HOSPITAL, BLANTYRE, MALAWI. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol. 113 (pp S178-S179)

Preprints

• de Crombrugghe G, Armitage EP, Keeley AJ, Senghore E, Camara F, Jammeh M, Bittaye A, Ceesay H, Ceesay I, Samateh B , Manneh M et al (2025) Household molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes carriage and infection in The Gambia, openRxiv.
• Keeley AJ, Camara FE, Armitage E, de Crombrugghe G, Sillah J, Fofana ML, Rollinson V, Senghore E, Jammeh M, Whitcombe AL , Bittaye A et al (2025) Early life serological profiles and the development of natural protective humoral immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes in a high burden setting, openRxiv.
• Hall JN, Armitage EP, Senghore E, Darboe S, Barry M, Camara J, Bah S, Keeley AJ, McCarthy JS, Smeesters P , Turner CE et al (2024) Molecular methods enhance the detection of pyoderma-related Streptococcus pyogenes and emm-type distribution in children, openRxiv.
• Keeley AJ, Groves D, Armitage EP, Senghore E, Jagne YJ, Sallah HJ, Drammeh S, Angyal A, Hornsby H, de Crombrugghe G , Smeesters P et al (2022) Streptococcus pyogenes colonization in children aged 24-59 months in The Gambia: Impact of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine and associated serological responses, openRxiv.
• Bah SY, Keeley AJ, Armitage EP, Khalid H, Chaudhuri RR, Senghore E, Manneh J, Tilley L, Marks M, Darboe S , Sesay AK et al (2021) Comparative genomic analysis of skin and soft tissue Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from low- and high-income settings, openRxiv.
• Parker MD, Lindsey BB, Shah DR, Hsu S, Keeley AJ, Partridge DG, Leary S, Cope A, State A, Johnson K , Ali N et al (2021) Altered Subgenomic RNA Expression in SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Infections, openRxiv.
• Jagne I, Keeley AJ, Bojang A, Camara B, Jallow E, Senghore E, Oluwalana C, Bah SY, Turner CE, Sesay AK , D’Alessandro U et al (2020) Impact of intra-partum Azithromycin on carriage of group A streptococcus in The Gambia: a posthoc analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, openRxiv.