The rise of digital fabrication - the use of computer-aided design and technology such as 3D printers to transform digital data directly into tangible objects such as prototypes - is typically seen as the preserve of high-tech or industrialised contexts. But a new research project asks how digital tools can be used not to displace traditional architectural practices but to work with them, generating new hybrid forms of architectural expression. These might include novel brick forms digitally designed to be stronger and lighter, but able to be laid in various configurations by hand; structures that celebrate local materials and vernacular masonry techniques but are more structurally efficient; or digitally carved surface effects to control rainwater run-off, whilst creating decorative patterns.
These new approaches could reduce the use of toxic materials in construction, as well as the embodied carbon - the emissions associated with materials and construction processes such as the manufacture of concrete - in our buildings. Moreover, by working with traditional architectural practices, the researchers hope to reflect and sustain local identities, material cultures and craft traditions.
The two-year project is funded through an AHRC Catalyst grant, and Sheffield’s involvement will be led by Mark Parsons, a practicing architect and University Teacher in the School of Architecture and Landscape. Mark will be working with Tavs Jorgensen of the Centre for Print Research at UWE, Louis Rice of the School of Architecture at UWE and project lead John Harding of the School of Architecture at Reading University.
The project team will explore place-based earth construction in Sheffield, Reading and Bristol, along with input from Earth Building UK & Ireland; The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts; artists Emillie Taylor and Lucy Wright; Fulcrum Engineers; the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering at the University of Sheffield; and architecture students from each university.
The aim is through a period of design and material testing and workshops to create a pavilion in each of the three locations. These structures will demonstrate the potential of innovative approaches to earthen construction, and will function as engaging public prototypes.
Mark Parsons said: “I’m delighted that we’ve been awarded this highly competitive AHRC Catalyst grant. For me, as a University Teacher but also an architect, this is a great way to connect teaching and practice, and to help our students learn through testing and making. The interdisciplinary nature of the project, combining arts, culture and engineering is particularly exciting.”