Helen Bell Gorrod

BA, MSc, PhD

School of Medicine and Population Health

Research Associate in Health Economics

helen.bellgorrod@sheffield.ac.uk
+44 114 222 0890

+44 114 222 0749 (Fax)

Regent Court (ScHARR)

Full contact details

Helen Bell Gorrod
School of Medicine and Population Health
Regent Court (ScHARR)
30 Regent Street
Sheffield
S1 4DA

Profile

Helen began her career in economics and econometric methods. Prior to joining the University of Sheffield, she worked in the International Finance Directorate at HM Treasury. She completed her PhD in the department of Economics in 2014 and began working in Health Economics and Decision Science (HEDS) in the same year.

During her time working in HEDS, she has developed expertise in causal inference methods, survival analysis and health economic evaluation. She has published work in several international peer-reviewed journals, including the Lancet, Statistical Methods in Medical Research (SMMR) and the American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE). Her work has spanned across various disease areas including oncology, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and multiple sclerosis (MS). She has worked on several projects for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Decision Support Unit (DSU), including co-authoring a Technical Support Document (TSD) on statistical methods for adjusting for treatment switching in clinical trials.

Current research projects include:

Assessing the cost-effectiveness of the National Joint Registry (NJR) in the UK.
Advising on the statistical and health economic analysis of the Active Together prehabilitation intervention.
Health economist on the SHAPES study, E-IMMUNE and FUTURE long-term follow-up.

Qualifications

BA Economics

MSc Economics

PhD Economics

Research interests

Causal inference methods for
- adjusting for intercurrent events (IEs) in clinical trials, such as treatment switching or non-adherence
- estimating treatment effects from observational data
- estimating treatment effects from single-arm studies
Health Economic Evaluation

Publications

Show: Featured publications All publications

Featured publications

Journal articles

Gorrod HB, Mt-Isa S, Xuan J, Vandormael K, Malbecq W, Yorke-Edwards V, White IR & Latimer N (2025) Adjusting for switches to multiple treatments: Should switches be handled separately or combined?. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 34(2), 322-335. View this article in WRRO
Xuan J, Mt-Isa S, Latimer N, Bell Gorrod H, Malbecq W, Vandormael K, Yorke-Edwards V & White IR (2025) Is inverse probability of censoring weighting a safer choice than per-protocol analysis in clinical trials?. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 34(2), 286-306. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Fox MP, Boulle A, Prozesky H, Wood R, Tanser F, Davies M-A & Schomaker M (2020) The impact of delayed switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy on mortality, depending on failure time definition and CD4 count at failure. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189(8), 811-819. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Court R, Schomaker M, Maartens G & Murphy R (2020) Increased mortality with delayed and missed switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 84(1), 107-113. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Latimer NR, Damian D, Hettle R, Harty GT & Wong SL (2020) Assessing the long-term effectiveness of cladribine vs. placebo in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis CLARITY randomized controlled trial and CLARITY extension using treatment switching adjustment methods. Advances in Therapy, 17(1), 225-239. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Kearns B, Stevens J, Thokala P, Labeit A, Latimer N, Tyas D & Sowdani A (2019) A review of survival analysis methods used in NICE technology appraisals of cancer treatments: consistency, limitations and areas for improvement. Medical Decision Making, 39(8), 899-909. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Latimer NR, Damian D, Hettle R, Harty GT & Wong SL (2019) Impact of non-randomised dropout on treatment switching adjustment in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis CLARITY trial and the CLARITY extension study. Value in Health, 22(7), 772-776. View this article in WRRO
Turner J, Siriwardena AN, Coster J, Jacques R, Irving A, Crum A, Gorrod HB, Nicholl J, Phung V-H, Togher F , Wilson R et al (2019) Developing new ways of measuring the quality and impact of ambulance service care: the PhOEBE mixed-methods research programme. Programme Grants for Applied Research, 7(3). View this article in WRRO
Bullement A, Latimer NR & Bell Gorrod H (2019) Survival extrapolation in cancer immunotherapy: a validation-based case study. Value in Health, 22(3), 276-283. View this article in WRRO
Durojaiye OC, Bell Gorrod H, Andrews D, Ntziora F & Cartwright K (2018) Clinical efficacy, cost-analysis and patient acceptability of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT): a decade of Sheffield (UK) OPAT service. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 51(1), 26-32. View this article in WRRO
Latimer NR, Henshall C, Siebert U & Bell H (2016) Treatment Switching: statistical and decision making challenges and approaches. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 32(3), 160-166. View this article in WRRO
Latimer NR, Bell H, Abrams KR, Amonkar MM & Casey M () Adjusting for treatment switching in the METRIC study shows further improved overall survival with trametinib compared with chemotherapy. Cancer Medicine. View this article in WRRO

All publications

Journal articles

Wailoo A, Gorrod HB, Dunning L, Kenny J, Leckenby E & Shah K (2026) The NICE experience of designing and utilising severity weights. Health Policy OPEN, 10. View this article in WRRO
Xuan J, Mt-Isa S, Latimer NR, Bell Gorrod H, Malbecq W, Vandormael K, Yorke-Edwards V & White IR (2025) Using inverse probability of censoring weighting to estimate hypothetical estimands in clinical trials: should we implement stabilisation, and if so how?. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. View this article in WRRO
Abdel-Fattah M, Chapple C, Breeman S, Cooper D, Bell-Gorrod H, Kuppanda P, Guerrero K, Dixon S, Cotterill N, Ward K , Hashim H et al (2025) Invasive urodynamic investigations in the management of women with refractory overactive bladder symptoms: FUTURE, a superiority RCT and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessment, 29(27). View this article in WRRO
Bell‐Gorrod H, Thokala P, Breeman S, Cooper D, MacLennan G, Abdel‐Fattah M & Dixon S (2025) Long‐term cost‐effectiveness of invasive urodynamic studies for overactive bladder in women. BJU International, 136(1), 82-94. View this article in WRRO
Abdel-Fattah M, Chapple C, Cooper D, Breeman S, Bell-Gorrod H, Kuppanda P, Guerrero K, Dixon S, Cotterill N, Ward K , Hashim H et al (2025) Invasive urodynamic investigations in the management of women with refractory overactive bladder symptoms (FUTURE) in the UK: a multicentre, superiority, parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 405(10484), 1057-1068.
Gorrod HB, Mt-Isa S, Xuan J, Vandormael K, Malbecq W, Yorke-Edwards V, White IR & Latimer N (2025) Adjusting for switches to multiple treatments: Should switches be handled separately or combined?. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 34(2), 322-335. View this article in WRRO
Xuan J, Mt-Isa S, Latimer N, Bell Gorrod H, Malbecq W, Vandormael K, Yorke-Edwards V & White IR (2025) Is inverse probability of censoring weighting a safer choice than per-protocol analysis in clinical trials?. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 34(2), 286-306. View this article in WRRO
Turner J, Knowles E, Simpson R, Sampson F, Dixon S, Long J, Bell-Gorrod H, Jacques R, Coster J, Yang H , Nicholl J et al (2022) Corrigendum: Impact of NHS 111 Online on the NHS 111 telephone service and urgent care system: a mixed-methods study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 9(21), 148-149.
Turner J, Knowles E, Simpson R, Sampson F, Dixon S, Long J, Bell-Gorrod H, Jacques R, Coster J, Yang H , Nicholl J et al (2021) Impact of NHS 111 online on the NHS 111 telephone service and urgent care system: a mixed-methods study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 9(21). View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Fox MP, Boulle A, Prozesky H, Wood R, Tanser F, Davies M-A & Schomaker M (2020) The impact of delayed switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy on mortality, depending on failure time definition and CD4 count at failure. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189(8), 811-819. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Court R, Schomaker M, Maartens G & Murphy R (2020) Increased mortality with delayed and missed switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 84(1), 107-113. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Court R, Schomaker M, Maartens G & Murphy RA (2020) Increased Mortality With Delayed and Missed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 84(1), 107-113.
Bell Gorrod H, Latimer NR, Damian D, Hettle R, Harty GT & Wong SL (2020) Assessing the long-term effectiveness of cladribine vs. placebo in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis CLARITY randomized controlled trial and CLARITY extension using treatment switching adjustment methods. Advances in Therapy, 17(1), 225-239. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Kearns B, Stevens J, Thokala P, Labeit A, Latimer N, Tyas D & Sowdani A (2019) A review of survival analysis methods used in NICE technology appraisals of cancer treatments: consistency, limitations and areas for improvement. Medical Decision Making, 39(8), 899-909. View this article in WRRO
Bell Gorrod H, Latimer NR, Damian D, Hettle R, Harty GT & Wong SL (2019) Impact of non-randomised dropout on treatment switching adjustment in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis CLARITY trial and the CLARITY extension study. Value in Health, 22(7), 772-776. View this article in WRRO
Turner J, Siriwardena AN, Coster J, Jacques R, Irving A, Crum A, Gorrod HB, Nicholl J, Phung V-H, Togher F , Wilson R et al (2019) Developing new ways of measuring the quality and impact of ambulance service care: the PhOEBE mixed-methods research programme. Programme Grants for Applied Research, 7(3). View this article in WRRO
Bullement A, Latimer NR & Bell Gorrod H (2019) Survival extrapolation in cancer immunotherapy: a validation-based case study. Value in Health, 22(3), 276-283. View this article in WRRO
Durojaiye OC, Bell Gorrod H, Andrews D, Ntziora F & Cartwright K (2018) Clinical efficacy, cost-analysis and patient acceptability of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT): a decade of Sheffield (UK) OPAT service. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 51(1), 26-32. View this article in WRRO
Latimer NR, Henshall C, Siebert U & Bell H (2016) Treatment Switching: statistical and decision making challenges and approaches. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 32(3), 160-166. View this article in WRRO
Latimer NR, Bell H, Abrams KR, Amonkar MM & Casey M () Adjusting for treatment switching in the METRIC study shows further improved overall survival with trametinib compared with chemotherapy. Cancer Medicine. View this article in WRRO

Conference proceedings

Bell H, Latimer N, Amonkar M & Swann S (2015) Adjusting For Treatment Switching in Rcts – Identifying, Analysing and Justifying Appropriate Methods: a Case Study in Metastatic Melanoma. Value in Health, Vol. 18(7) (pp A338-A338)
Bell H, Latimer N, Amonkar M & Casey M (2014) Adjusting for Treatment Crossover in A Trametinib Metastatic Melanoma Rct: Identifying the Appropriate Method. Value in Health, Vol. 17(7) (pp A577-A577)

Posters

Bell H, Latimer N, Amonkar M & Casey M Adjusting for treatment crossover in a trametinib metastatic melanoma RCT: Identifying the appropriate method.