Dr Ahmed Iraqi

MRSC, CChem

School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences

Reader in Polymer Chemistry

a.iraqi@sheffield.ac.uk
+44 114 222 9566

Dainton Building

Full contact details

Dr Ahmed Iraqi
School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Dainton Building
13 Brook Hill
Sheffield
S3 7HF

Profile: Dr. Iraqi obtained his BSc from the University of Fes (Morocco) in 1984. This was followed by an MSc in Chemistry from University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse in 1985 and a PhD from the same institution in 1988. Until 1996 he was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the University of St Andrews, when he became a Lecturer at Lancaster University. In 2000 he was appointed Lecturer at the University of Sheffield, where he was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2009 and Reader in 2013.

Qualifications: MRSC, CHem

Research interests

Research in the area of organic conjugated polymers has developed rapidly over the last few years in view of their potential applications in electronic devices. Our research objectives are toward the design, synthesis and exploitation of the unique physical properties of these materials, in the fields of light emitting diodes, sloar cells and field effect transistors. Themes of the research programme include:

Design and development of conjugated polymers for application in displays: Considerable research efforts are devoted to develop new highly fluorescent blue light emitting polymers. Such materials are required for efficient emission in the blue part of the electromagnetic spectrum and also as energy-transfer donors and hosts for lower band gap fluorophores and phosphorescent dyes in an effort to enable the use of both singlet and triplet excitons in the radiative decay process.

Polyfluorenes have attracted a lot of interest in this area and great advances have been achieved with these materials, however, polyfluorenes suffer from luck of stability of blue light emission in devices which compromises their use. We are interested in developing alternative materials for application in this area.

Carbazole-based polymers such as poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) are widely used as hole-transporting materials, as well as wide band gap hosts to various fluorophores. However, PVK is a saturated main-chain polymer and alternative main-chain conjugated polymers are required. In our group we are developing a range of 2,7-linked and 3,6-linked carbazole main-chain conjugated polymers for application in this area.

Special attention is given to 2,7-linked carbazole polymers and copolymers whose physical properties can be tailored by judicious choice of either the co-monomers used in these carbazole based materials or the nature of substituents at the 3,6-positions as well as the 9-positions of carbazole repeat units.

Design and development of conjugated polymers for application in solar cells: There is at the moment a great deal of research interest in the development of new sources of renewable energy. Photovoltaic (PV) cells offer an attractive alternative in this area; however, the cost of the current technology based on single or polycrystalline silicon PV cells is the primary limiting factor for this technology. Polymer solar cells based on blends of conjugated polymer donors and molecular acceptors (often referred to as bulk heterojunction solar cells) are attracting a great deal of interest.

These systems have potential technological value due to their ease of fabrication and their relatively low production costs. Efficient harvesting of solar energy requires the development of polymers with high absorption coefficients and extended absorption spectra in order to enable photocurrent generation from lower-energy photons. This in turn will require low band gap polymers that absorb at wavelengths extending in the near-IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Our work in this area involves the development of new low band gap conjugated polymers that are able to absorb a wider portion of solar light than established polymers used in this area like poly(3-hexylthiophene)s. We are at present developing a range of low band gap donor/acceptor carbazole based conjugated copolymers for application in this area.

Other areas of investigation involve the synthesis and characterisation of a wide range of tractable functionalised regioregular polythiophenes by post-modification of preformed precursor polymers. Structurally homogeneous precursor polymers poly(3-(omega-bromoalkyl)thiophene)s are made with full regioregular control and further functionalised by covalent binding with desired functional groups.

This synthetic approach allows obtainment of tractable redox active functionalised polythiophenes that are easily characterised by conventional analytical techniques as opposed to similar materials obtained using different polymerisation methods. The physical properties of these materials (photovoltaic and electrocatalytic activity) are being investigated.

Publications

Journal articles

Alshammari M, Alshammari K, Alhassan S, Alshammari AH, Alotaibi T, Iraqi A & Mohaymen Taha TA (2024) Processing and characterization of effective copper molybdate hydrogen evolution catalyst. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 67, 33-41.
Alshammari AH, Alhassan S, Iraqi A, Saad SA & Taha TAM (2023) Dielectric relaxation investigations of polyester/CoFe2O4 composites. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 34(32).
Al-Isaee S, Iraqi A & Lidzey D (2023) Synthesis and characterisation of a new series of 2,6-linked-anthracene–benzothiadiazole based polymers for organic solar cells applications. Tetrahedron, 133416-133416.
Al-Azzawi AGS, Dannoun EMA, Aziz SB, Iraqi A, Al-Saeedi SI, Nofal MM & Murad AR (2022) Synthesis and characterization of polymers containing ethynylene and ethynylene-thiophene based alternating polymers containing 2,1,3-linked naphthothiadiazole units as acceptor linked with fluorine as donor: electrochemical and spectroscopic studies. Polymers, 14(19).
Al-Azzawi AGS, Aziz SB, Iraqi A, Murad AR, Abdulwahid RT, Alshehri SM & Ahamad T (2021) Impact of ethynylene linkers on the optical and electrochemical properties of benzothiadiazole based alternate conjugated polymers. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(9).
Murad AR, Dannoun EMA, Aziz SB, Iraqi A, Abdullah SN, Nofal MM & Abdullah RM (2021) Synthesis of Amorphous Conjugated Copolymers Based on Dithienosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Tuned Optical Band Gaps and High Thermal Stability. Applied Sciences, 11(11), 4866.
Murad AR, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Abdullah SN, Brza MA, Saeed SR & Abdulwahid RT (2021) Fabrication of alternating copolymers based on cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide with reduced optical band gap: synthesis, optical, electrochemical, thermal, and structural properties. Polymers, 13(1).
Murad AR, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Almeataq MS, Abdullah SN & Brza MA (2021) Characteristics of low band gap copolymers containing anthracene-benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide: synthesis, optical, electrochemical, thermal and structural studies. Polymers, 13(1).
Murad AR, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Hi H, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA & Abdulwahid RT (2020) Influence of fluorine substitution on the optical, thermal, electrochemical and structural properties of carbazole-benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide alternate copolymers. Polymers, 12(12).
R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, N. Abdullah S, Abdulwahid RT & Hussen SA (2020) Optical, electrochemical, thermal, and structural properties of synthesized fluorene/dibenzosilole-benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide alternating organic copolymers for photovoltaic applications. Coatings, 10(12). View this article in WRRO
R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, N. Abdullah S & Abdulwahid RT (2020) Synthesis, optical, thermal and structural characteristics of novel thermocleavable polymers based on phthalate esters. Polymers, 12(12).
Alqurashy BA, Altayeb BM, Alfaifi SY, Alawad M, Iraqi A & Ali I (2020) Preparation and characterization of quinoxaline-pyrene-based conjugated copolymers for organic photovoltaic devices. Coatings, 10(11).
R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Abdullah SN & Brza MA (2020) Conducting polymers for optoelectronic devices and organic solar cells : a review. Polymers, 12(11). View this article in WRRO
Pérez GE, Alkorbi A, Iraqi A, Bastianini F, Pineda E, King SM & Dunbar ADF (2020) Interchain Spacing and Screening Length Modification of PSS Backbone Chains in Zwitterion-Doped Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfonate. Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, 14(S1), S60-S68.
Sasitharan K, Bossanyi DG, Vaenas N, Parnell AJ, Clark J, Iraqi A, Lidzey DG & Foster JA (2020) Metal–organic framework nanosheets for enhanced performance of organic photovoltaic cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. View this article in WRRO
Wong-Stringer M, Game OS, Smith JA, Routledge TJ, Alqurashy BA, Freestone BG, Parnell AJ, Vaenas N, Kumar V, Alawad MOA , Iraqi A et al (2018) High-Performance Multilayer Encapsulation for Perovskite Photovoltaics. Advanced Energy Materials, 8(24). View this article in WRRO
Cai F, Cai J, Yang L, Li W, Gurney RS, Yi H, Iraqi A, Liu D & Wang T (2018) Molecular engineering of conjugated polymers for efficient hole transport and defect passivation in perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 45, 28-36. View this article in WRRO
Li W, Cai J, Cai F, Yan Y, Yi H, Gurney RS, Liu D, Iraqi A & Wang T (2018) Achieving over 11% power conversion efficiency in PffBT4T-2OD-based ternary polymer solar cells with enhanced open-circuit-voltage and suppressed charge recombination. Nano Energy, 44, 155-163. View this article in WRRO
Sarjadi MS, Tan SE, Wong XL & Iraqi A (2018) Synthesis of the conjugated polymer with Fluoronated carbazole donor and benzothiadiazole acceptor linked through thienothiophene. ASM Science Journal, 11(Special Issue 2), 253-262.
Sarjadi MS, Tan SE & Iraqi A (2018) Preparation and properties of fluorene-based thienothiophene substituted benzothiadiazole copolymer for the application of polymeric solar cells. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 20(1), 24-32.
Zhang Y, Yi H, Iraqi A, Kingsley J, Buckley A, Wang T & Lidzey DG (2017) Comparative indoor and outdoor stability measurements of polymer based solar cells. Scientific Reports, 7. View this article in WRRO
Kwak C, Pérez GE, Freestone B, Al-Isaee S, Iraqi A, Lidzey DG & Dunbar A (2016) Improved efficiency in organic solar cells via conjugated polyelectrolyte additive in the hole transporting layer. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 4(45), 10722-10730. View this article in WRRO
Alqurashy BA, Iraqi A, Zhang Y & Lidzey DG (2016) Preparation and photovoltaic properties of pyrene-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based donor-acceptor polymers. European Polymer Journal, 85, 225-235. View this article in WRRO
Iraqi A, Cartwright L, Zhang Y, Lidzey DG & Alqurashy BA (2016) Pyrene–benzothiadiazole-based copolymers for application in photovoltaic devices. Polymers for Advanced Technologies. View this article in WRRO
Ali B. Alghamdi A (2016) Synthesis and Characterization of novel Thiophene and Carbazole-based Polymers – Optical and Electrochemical Characterization. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 5111-5127. View this article in WRRO
Cartwright L, Neal TJ, Rutland NJ & Iraqi A (2016) Anthracene-thieno[3,4-c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione based donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers for applications in optoelectronic devices. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 27(4), 525-531. View this article in WRRO
Alsulami A, Griffin J, Alqurashi R, Yi H, Iraqi A, Lidzey D & Buckley A (2016) Thermally Stable Solution Processed Vanadium Oxide as a Hole Extraction Layer in Organic Solar Cells. Materials, 9(4), 235-235. View this article in WRRO
Zhang Y, Bovill E, Kingsley J, Buckley AR, Yi H, Iraqi A, Wang T & Lidzey DG (2016) PCDTBT based solar cells: one year of operation under real-world conditions. Scientific Reports, 6(1). View this article in WRRO
Cartwright L, Yi H & Iraqi A (2016) Effect of fluorination pattern and extent on the properties of PCDTBT derivatives. New Journal of Chemistry, 40(2), 1655-1662. View this article in WRRO
Glen TS, Scarratt NW, Yi H, Iraqi A, Wang T, Kingsley J, Buckley AR, Lidzey DG & Donald AM (2016) Dependence on material choice of degradation of organic solar cells following exposure to humid air. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 54(2), 216-224. View this article in WRRO
Sarjadi MS & Iraqi A (2016) Synthesis of carbazole based co-polymers containing thienothiophene and benzothiadiazole units in a direct arylation scheme. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 24(9), 703-710. View this article in WRRO
Sarjadi MS, Yi H, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2015) Thienothiophene units properties on the carbazole-based polymers for organic solar cell devices. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 19(6), 1205-1217.
Scarratt NW, Griffin J, Wang T, Zhang Y, Yi H, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2015) Polymer-based solar cells having an active area of 1.6 cm2 fabricated via spray coating. APL Materials, 3(12). View this article in WRRO
Bracher C, Yi H, Scarratt NW, Masters R, Pearson AJ, Rodenburg C, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2015) The effect of residual palladium catalyst on the performance and stability of PCDTBT:PC70BM organic solar cells. Organic Electronics, 27, 266-273. View this article in WRRO
Glen TS, Scarratt NW, Yi H, Iraqi A, Wang T, Kingsley J, Buckley AR, Lidzey DG & Donald AM (2015) Grain size dependence of degradation of aluminium/calcium cathodes in organic solar cells following exposure to humid air. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 140, 25-32.
Griffin J, Pearson AJ, Scarratt NW, Wang T, Dunbar ADF, Yi H, Iraqi A, Buckley AR & Lidzey DG (2015) Organic photovoltaic devices with enhanced efficiency processed from non-halogenated binary solvent blends. Organic Electronics, 21, 216-222. View this article in WRRO
Wang T, Scarratt NW, Yi H, Coleman IF, Zhang Y, Grant RT, Yao J, Skoda MWA, Dunbar ADF, Jones RAL , Iraqi A et al (2015) Vertical stratification and its impact on device performance in a polycarbazole based copolymer solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3(16), 4007-4015. View this article in WRRO
Bovill E, Scarratt N, Griffin J, Yi H, Iraqi A, Buckley AR, Kingsley JW & Lidzey DG (2015) The role of the hole-extraction layer in determining the operational stability of a polycarbazole:fullerene bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic device. Applied Physics Letters, 106(7), 073301-073301. View this article in WRRO
Cartwright L, Iraqi A, Zhang Y, Wang T & Lidzey DG (2015) Impact of fluorine substitution upon the photovoltaic properties of benzothiadiazole-fluorene alternate copolymers. RSC Adv., 5(57), 46386-46394. View this article in WRRO
Kingsley JW, Marchisio PP, Yi H, Iraqi A, Kinane CJ, Langridge S, Thompson RL, Cadby AJ, Pearson AJ, Lidzey DG , Jones RAL et al (2014) Molecular weight dependent vertical composition profiles of PCDTBT:PC₇₁BM blends for organic photovoltaics.. Sci Rep, 4, 5286. View this article in WRRO
Bovill E, Yi H, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2014) The fabrication of polyfluorene and polycarbazole-based photovoltaic devices using an air-stable process route. Applied Physics Letters, 105(22), 223302-223302.
Alsalme AM, Alghamdi AAB, Alhamdani AAGQ & Iraqi A (2014) Synthesis and properties of alternating vinylene-benzothiadiazole-based copolymers with carbazole and fluorene derivatives for photovoltaic applications. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9(4), 1920-1941.
Pearson AJ, Wang T, Watters DC, Coles DM, Jones RAL, Lidzey DG, Dunbar ADF, Yi H, Iraqi A & Staniec PA (2013) Morphology Development in Amorphous Polymer: Fullerene Photovoltaic Blend Films During Solution Casting. Advanced Functional Materials. View this article in WRRO
Watters DC, Yi H, Pearson AJ, Kingsley J, Iraqi A & Lidzey D (2013) Fluorene-based co-polymer with high hole mobility and device performance in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.. Macromol Rapid Commun, 34(14), 1157-1162.
Bovill ESR, Griffin J, Wang T, Kingsley JW, Yi H, Iraqi A, Buckley AR & Lidzey DG (2013) Air processed organic photovoltaic devices incorporating a MoOx anode buffer layer. Applied Physics Letters, 102(18).
Buckley AR, Griffin J, Watters DC, Yi H, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2013) The Infl uence of MoOx Anode Stoicheometry on the Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Advanced Energy Materials.
Wang T, Scarratt NW, Yi H, Dunbar ADF, Pearson AJ, Watters DC, Glen TS, Brook AC, Kingsley J, Buckley AR , Skoda MWA et al (2013) Polymer Solar Cells: Fabricating High Performance, Donor-Acceptor Copolymer Solar Cells by Spray-Coating in Air (Adv. Energy Mater. 4/2013). Advanced Energy Materials, 3(4), 410-410.
Wang T, Scarratt NW, Yi H, Dunbar ADF, Pearson AJ, Watters DC, Glen TS, Brook AC, Kingsley J, Buckley AR , Skoda MWA et al (2013) Fabricating high performance, donor-acceptor copolymer solar cells by spray-coating in air. Advanced Energy Materials, 3(4), 505-512.
Alsalme AM, Alghamdi AAB, Al-Baradi AM & Iraqi A (2013) Synthesis and physical properties of a "double-cable" polymer for photovoltaic applications. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8(4), 5575-5593.
Iraqi A, Alghamdi AAB, Watters DC, Yi H, Al-Faifi S, Almeataq MS, Coles D, Kingsley J & Lidzey DG (2013) Selenophene vs. thiophene in benzothiadiazole-based low energy gap donor–acceptor polymers for photovoltaic applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 5165-5171.
Almeataq MS, Yi H, Al-Faifi S, Alghamdi AAB, Iraqi A, Scarratt NW, Wang T & Lidzey DG (2013) Anthracene-based donor-acceptor low band gap polymers for application in solar cells.. Chem Commun (Camb), 49(22), 2252-2254.
Wang T, Pearson AJ, Dunbar ADF, Staniec PA, Watters DC, Coles D, Yi H, Iraqi A, Lidzey DG & Jones RAL (2012) Competition between substrate-mediated π-π stacking and surface-mediated T(g) depression in ultrathin conjugated polymer films.. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter, 35(12), 9807. View this article in WRRO
Bouzzine SM, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M, Serien-Spirau F, Lère Porte J-P, Sotiropoulos J-M & Iraqi A (2012) Theoretical investigations on the electronic and optical properties of bridged oligothiophenes.. J Phys Chem A, 116(39), 9730-9738.
Wang T, Pearson AJ, Dunbar ADF, Staniec PA, Watters DC, Yi H, Ryan AJ, Jones RAL, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2012) Solar Cells: Correlating Structure with Function in Thermally Annealed PCDTBT:PC70BM Photovoltaic Blends (Adv. Funct. Mater. 7/2012). Advanced Functional Materials, 22(7), 1321-1321.
Wang T, Pearson AJ, Dunbar ADF, Staniec PA, Watters DC, Yi H, Ryan AJ, Jones RAL, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2012) Correlating structure with function in thermally annealed PCDTBT:PC 70BM photovoltaic blends. Advanced Functional Materials, 22(7), 1399-1408.
Watters DC, Kingsley J, Yi H, Wang T, Iraqi A & Lidzey D (2012) Optimising the efficiency of carbazole co-polymer solar-cells by control over the metal cathode electrode. Organic Electronics, 13(8), 1401-1408.
Staniec PA, Parnell AJ, Dunbar ADF, Yi H, Pearson AJ, Wang T, Hopkinson PE, Kinane C, Dalgliesh RM, Donald AM , Ryan AJ et al (2011) Nanoscale Morphology of a PCDTBT:PCBM Photovoltaic Blend.. Adv. Energy Mater., 1(4), 499-504.
Antoun T, Iraqi A, Kergoat L, Miozzo L & Yassar A (2011) A simple route to rod-coil block copolymers of oligo- and polythiophenes with PMMA and polystyrene. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 212(11), 1129-1136.
Mohamad DK, Chauhan SS, Yi H, Cadby AJ, Lidzey DG & Iraqi A (2011) A regioregular head to tail thiophene based "double-cable" polymer with pendant anthraquinone functional groups: Preparation, spectroscopy and photovoltaic properties. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.
Mohamad DK, Fischereder A, Yi H, Cadby AJ, Lidzey DG & Iraqi A (2011) A novel 2,7-linked carbazole based "double cable" polymer with pendant perylene diimide functional groups: Preparation, spectroscopy and photovoltaic properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(3), 851-862.
Mohamad D, Johnson RG, Janeliunas D, Kirkus M, Yi HN, Lidzey DG & Iraqi A (2010) Aryl amine substituted low energy gap carbazole polymers: preparation and photovoltaic properties. J MATER CHEM, 20(33), 6990-6997.
Pickup DF, Yi H & Iraqi A (2009) Preparation and properties of alternating 2,7-linked carbazole copolymers with phenylene units with varying number of fluorine substituents. J MATER SCI, 44(12), 3172-3178.
Pickup DF, Yi HN, Kun H, Iraqi A, Stevenson M & Lidzey DG (2009) Alternating 2,7-and 3,6-linked carbazole copolymers as wide band gap energy transfer donors. THIN SOLID FILMS, 517(9), 2840-2844.
Khalil GE, Adawi AM, Fox AM, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG (2009) Single molecule spectroscopy of red- and green-emitting fluorene-based copolymers.. J Chem Phys, 130(4), 044903.
Yi HN, Johnson RG, Iraqi A, Mohamad D, Royce R & Lidzey DG (2008) Narrow Energy Gap Polymers with Absorptions up to 1200 nm and their Photovoltaic Properties. MACROMOL RAPID COMM, 29(22), 1804-1809.
Kun H, Yi H, Johnson RG & Iraqi A (2008) Fluoro-protected carbazole main-chain polymers as a new class of stable blue emitting polymers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL, 19(4), 299-307.
Tsoi WC, Charas A, Cadby AJ, Khalil G, Adawi AM, Iraqi A, Hunt B, Morgado J & Lidzey DG (2008) Observation of the beta-phase in two short-chain oligofluorenes. ADV FUNCT MATER, 18(4), 600-606.
Chauhan SS, Yi HA & Iraqi A (2008) N-Aryl 2,7-Linked Carbazole Polymers and Copolymers with Fluorine Protecting Groups: A New Class of Blue Emitting Polymers for LED Applications. MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST, 497, 461-473.
Kulasi A, Yi HN & Iraqi A (2007) Triarylamine N-functionalized 3,6-linked carbazole main chain polymers and copolymers: Preparation and physical properties. J POLYM SCI POL CHEM, 45(24), 5957-5967.
Yi HN, Iraqi A, Stevenson M, Elliott CJ & Lidzey DG (2007) A new class of blue-emitting materials for LED applications: Triarylamine N-functionalised 2,7-linked carbazole polymers. MACROMOL RAPID COMM, 28(10), 1155-1160.
Iraqi A, Simmance TG, Yi HN, Stevenson M & Lidzey DG (2006) Preparation and properties of 4-dialkylamino-phenyl N-functionalized 2,7-linked carbazole polymers. CHEM MATER, 18(24), 5789-5797.
Iraqi A & Pickup DF (2006) Preparation and characterisation of tractable regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with ferrocene substituents. POLYM INT, 55(7), 780-783.
Iraqi A, Pegington RC & Simmance TG (2006) Postmodification of poly(9-alkyl-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)s as a route to new main-chain-functionalized carbazole polymers. J POLYM SCI POL CHEM, 44(10), 3336-3342.
Iraqi A, Pickup DF & Yi HN (2006) Effects of methyl substitution of poly(9-alkyl-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)s at the 3,6-positions on their physical properties. CHEM MATER, 18(4), 1007-1015.
Iraqi A, Barker GW & Pickup DF (2006) Synthesis and characterisation of functionalised thiophene copolymers with electron donor and acceptor substituents. REACT FUNCT POLYM, 66(1), 195-200.
Iraqi A & Wataru I (2004) 3,6-linked 9-alkyl-9H-carbazole main-chain polymers: Preparation and properties. J POLYM SCI POL CHEM, 42(23), 6041-6051.
Iraqi A & Wataru I (2004) Preparation and properties of 2,7-linked N-alkyl-9H-carbazole main-chain polymers. CHEM MATER, 16(3), 442-448.
Iraqi A, Crayston JA & Walton JC (1998) Covalent binding of redox active centres to preformed regioregular polythiophenes. J MATER CHEM, 8(1), 31-36.
Iraqi A & Barker GW (1998) Synthesis and characterisation of telechelic regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-alkylthiophenes). J MATER CHEM, 8(1), 25-29.
IRAQI A, CRAYSTON JA & WALTON JC (1995) SYNTHESIS, SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY AND THERMOCHROMISM OF REGIOREGULAR HEAD-TO-TAIL OLIGO-[3-ARYLOXYHEXYLTHIOPHENES] AND POLY-[3-ARYLOXYHEXYLTHIOPHENES]. J MATER CHEM, 5(11), 1831-1836.
IRAQI A, CRAYSTON JA, WALTON JC & HARRISON A (1995) AMINOXYL FUNCTIONALIZED POLYTHIOPHENE - SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS. J MATER CHEM, 5(9), 1291-1295.
CRAYSTON JA, IRAQI A & WALTON JC (1994) POLYRADICALS - SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPY, AND CATALYSIS. CHEM SOC REV, 23(3), 147-153.
CRAYSTON JA, IRAQI A, MALLON P & WALTON JC (1993) PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIENONAPHTHOQUINONES AND THEIR RADICAL IONS. J CHEM SOC PERK T 2(9), 1589-1595.
Crayston JA, Iraqi A, Mallon P, Walton JC & Tunstall DP (1993) Polyradicals: Synthetic Strategies and Characterization. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 236(1), 231-235.
NARAYANAN P, IRAQI A & COLEHAMILTON DJ (1992) ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS OBTAINED BY CATALYTIC HYDROCARBOXYLATION OF POLYBUTADIENES. J MATER CHEM, 2(11), 1149-1154.
IRAQI A, SETH S, VINCENT CA, COLEHAMILTON DJ, WATKINSON MD, GRAHAM IM & JEFFREY D (1992) CATALYTIC HYDROSILATION OF POLYBUTADIENES AS A ROUTE TO FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS. J MATER CHEM, 2(10), 1057-1064.
IRAQI A & COLEHAMILTON DJ (1992) PREPARATION AND REACTIVITY OF POLYEPOXIDES AND POLYKETONES - CATALYTIC-OXIDATION OF POLYBUTADIENES. J MATER CHEM, 2(2), 183-190.
IRAQI A, WATKINSON M, CRAYSTON JA & COLEHAMILTON DJ (1991) POLYMER-BOUND LIGANDS AND METAL-COMPLEXES VIA CATALYZED-REACTIONS OF POLYBUTADIENES. J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM(24), 1767-1769.
IRAQI A, FAIRFAX NR, PRESTON SA, CUPERTINO DC, IRVINE DJ & COLEHAMILTON DJ (1991) HYDROGENATION OF ACRYLIC ACIDS CATALYZED BY COMPLEXES OF RHODIUM(I) CONTAINING MIXED ANHYDRIDES OF ACRYLIC AND DIPHENYLPHOSPHINOUS ACIDS. J CHEM SOC DALTON(8), 1929-1935.
IRAQI A & COLEHAMILTON DJ (1991) POLYKETONES VIA OXIDATION OF POLYBUTADIENES CATALYZED BY COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM(II). POLYHEDRON, 10(9), 993-995.
BOROWSKI AF, IRAQI A, CUPERTINO DC, IRVINE DJ, COLE-HAMILTON DJ, HARMON MH & HURSTHOUSE MB (1990) ChemInform Abstract: Linkage Isomerism in Rhodium(I) Complexes of Mixed Anhydrides of Diphenylphosphinous and Acrylic Acids: Crystal and Molecular Structure of (RhCl(PPh3)(Ph2PO2CCH=CHMe)).. ChemInform, 21(14).
BOROWSKI AF, IRAQI A, CUPERTINO DC, IRVINE DJ, COLEHAMILTON DJ, HARMON MH & HURSTHOUSE MB (1990) LINKAGE ISOMERISM IN RHODIUM(I) COMPLEXES OF MIXED ANHYDRIDES OF DIPHENYLPHOSPHINOUS AND ACRYLIC ACIDS - CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF [RHCL(PPH3)(PH2PO2CCH=CHME)]. J CHEM SOC DALTON(1), 29-34.
GAHAGAN M, IRAQI A, CUPERTINO DC, MACKIE RK & COLEHAMILTON DJ (1989) A HIGH-ACTIVITY MOLYBDENUM CONTAINING EPOXIDATION CATALYST AND ITS USE IN REGIOSELECTIVE EPOXIDATION OF POLYBUTADIENE. J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM(21), 1688-1690.
CHOUKROUN R, IRAQI A, RIFAI C & GERVAIS D (1988) CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF BIMETALLIC CATIONIC RHODIUM-TITANIUM AND RHODIUM-ZIRCONIUM COMPLEXES. J ORGANOMET CHEM, 353(1), 45-52.
CHOUKROUN R, IRAQI A, GERVAIS D, DARAN JC & JEANNIN Y (1987) A SEMIBRIDGING HYDRIDO ZIRCONIUM RHODIUM COMPLEX - A POSSIBLE WAY TO CATALYTIC HYDROGEN TRANSFER ON D0-D8 SYSTEMS. ORGANOMETALLICS, 6(6), 1197-1201.
CHOUKROUN R, IRAQI A & GERVAIS D (1987) ChemInform Abstract: A Zirconium-Rhodium Hydrido Complex, Cp2Zr(CH2PPh2)2RhH(PPh3), as Catalyst for the Hydroformylation of 1-Hexene.. ChemInform, 18(3).
CHOUKROUN R, IRAQI A & GERVAIS D (1986) A ZIRCONIUM-RHODIUM HYDRIDO COMPLEX, CP2ZR(CH2PPH2)2RHH(PPH3), AS CATALYST FOR THE HYDROFORMYLATION OF 1-HEXENE. J ORGANOMET CHEM, 311(3), C60-C62.
Sasitharan K, Frisch J, Kuliček J, Iraqi A, Lidzey DG, Bär M, Rezek B & Foster JA () Tuning the morphology and energy levels in organic solar cells with metal–organic framework nanosheets. Scientific Reports, 14(1).
Alqurashy BA & Iraqi A () Effects of fluorination of benzothiadiazole units on the properties of alternating cyclopentadithiophene/benzothiadiazole donor/acceptor polymers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science.
Alqurashy BA, Murad AR, Altayeb BM, Iraqi A & Aziz SB () Development of Two Novel Dibenzosilole-Based Conjugated Polymers with Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione for Use in Polymer Solar Cells. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, 1-12.
Al-Azzawi AGS, Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Iraqi A, Nofal MM, Murad AR & M. Hussein A () A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells. Polymers, 15(1), 164-164.
Sasitharan K, Kilbride RC, Spooner ELK, Clark J, Iraqi A, Lidzey DG & Foster JA () Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheets as Templates to Enhance Performance in Semi‐Crystalline Organic Photovoltaic Cells. Advanced Science, 2200366-2200366.
G. S Al-Azzawi A () Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Naphthothiadiazole-Based Donor-Acceptor Polymers and Their Photovoltaic Applications. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, ArticleID:21125-ArticleID:21125.
Imragaa A, Eltaboni F, Edbey K, Elgazail A, Ghamdi A & Iraqi A () Donor- Acceptor Carbazole and Uinoxaline Based Polymers for Application in Solar Cells. Physical Science International Journal, 10(2), 1-8.
Cartwright L, Taylor LJ, Yi H, Iraqi A, Zhang Y, Scarratt NW, Wang T & Lidzey DG () Triisopropylsilylacetylene-functionalised anthracene-alt-benzothiadiazole copolymers for application in bulk heterojunction solar cells. RSC Advances, 5(123), 101607-101615. View this article in WRRO
Pearson AJ, Watters DC, Yi H, Sarjadi MS, Reynolds LX, Marchisio PP, Kingsley J, Haque SA, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG () Impact of dithienyl or thienothiophene units on the optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole based donor–acceptor copolymers for organic solar cell devices. RSC Adv., 4(81), 43142-43149.
CRAYSTON JA, IRAQI A & WALTON JC () ChemInform Abstract: Polyradicals: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Catalysis. ChemInform, 25(47), no-no.
CRAYSTON JA, IRAQI A, MALLON P & WALTON JC () ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Thienonaphthoquinones and Their Radical Ions.. ChemInform, 24(51), no-no.
IRAQI A, FAIRFAX NR, PRESTON SA, CUPERTINO DC, IRVINE DJ & COLE-HAMILTON DJ () ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Acrylic Acids Catalysed by Complexes of Rhodium(I) Containing Mixed Anhydrides of Acrylic and Diphenylphosphinous Acids.. ChemInform, 22(45), no-no.
Alqurashy BA, Iraqi A, Zhang Y & Lidzey DG () Pyrene- benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole based conjugated polymers for application in BHJ solar cells. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. View this article in WRRO
Yi H, Al-Faifi S, Iraqi A, Watters DC, Kingsley J & Lidzey DG () Carbazole and Thienyl Benzo[1,2,5]Thiadiazole Based Polymers with Improved Open Circuit Voltages and Processability for Application in Solar Cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry.

Conference proceedings papers

Iraqi A & Wataru I (2001) Preparation of poly(9-alkylcarbazole-3,6-diyl)s via palladium catalysed cross-coupling reactions. SYNTHETIC METALS, Vol. 119(1-3) (pp 159-160)
Iraqi A, Clark D, Jones R & Krier A (1999) Synthesis, characterisation and study of photoluminescent properties of head to tail poly(3-pentoxythiophene), poly(3-cyclohexylthiophene) and mixed alkoxy cyclohexyl 3-substituted polythiophenes. SYNTHETIC METALS, Vol. 102(1-3) (pp 1220-1221)
Schmit JPN, Davidson K & Iraqi A (1999) New synthetic routes to polyacenes. SYNTHETIC METALS, Vol. 101(1-3) (pp 100-101)
Iraqi A, Mlynski A, Heard A, Walton JC & Crayston JA (1997) Functionalization of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) polymers with pendant nitroxide groups. SYNTHETIC METALS, Vol. 84(1-3) (pp 333-334)
Iraqi A, Irvin AM, Walton JC & Crayston JA (1997) Synthesis of methacrylate and silicone polymers with pendant thiophene groups. SYNTHETIC METALS, Vol. 84(1-3) (pp 377-378)
Crayston JA, Iraqi A, Morrison JJ & Walton JC (1997) Synthesis of thiophene substituted ruthenium and rhenium bipyridyl complexes.. SYNTHETIC METALS, Vol. 84(1-3) (pp 441-442)
CRAYSTON JA, IRAQI A, MALLON P, WALTON JC & TUNSTALL DP (1993) POLYRADICALS - SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES AND CHARACTERIZATION. SYNTHETIC METALS, Vol. 55(2-3) (pp 867-872)
CRAYSTON JA, IRAQI A, MALLON P, WALTON JC & TUNSTALL DP (1993) POLYRADICALS - SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES AND CHARACTERIZATION. MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS, Vol. 234 (pp 771-775)

Patents

Iraqi A & Wataru I () Manufacture of 2,7-disubstituted carbazoles, their oligomers or polymers and use in electronic devices as semiconductor films.. Brit. UK Pat. Appl. (2003), GB 2383036 A 20030618 Appl. 01 Jan 1970.

Preprints

Sasitharan K, Frisch J, Kuliček J, Iraqi A, Lidzey DG, Bär M, Rezek B & Foster JA (2024) Tuning the morphology and energy levels in organic solar cells with metal- organic framework nanosheets, Research Square Platform LLC.
Al-Isaee S, Iraqi A & Lidzey DG () Synthesis and Characterisation of a New Series of 2,6-Linked-Anthracene–Benzothiadiazole Based Polymers for Solar Cells Application.
Robson H, Spooner E, Bossanyi D, Korychenska O, Wang S, Carson H, McGhee K, Lidzey DG, Meijer AJHM, Clark J & Iraqi A () Evidence of an Additional Geometry Change in Dmac in Novel Synthesised Solution Processable Dmac-Trz Based Tadf Molecules.

Teaching interests: Polymer Chemistry; Organometallic Chemistry.

Teaching activities

Undergraduate and postgraduate taught modules

Chemistry and the World Around Us (Level 1): The Chemistry Behind Things that Glow
Introducing some simple chemical principles of familiar aspects of the world around us which we often take for granted and to highlight the significance of chemistry to everyday life, society, and the future of our planet.
Group Theory in Chemistry (Level 2)
This course introduces group theory in chemistry, and applies it to the analysis of molecular orbital diagrams and to determining the stretching vibrations in simple molecules.
Main Group Chemistry 2 (Level 2)
This lecture course expands upon and introduces more of the wonderful and varied chemistry of the main group elements.
New Materials (Level 4)
This course gives an overview of the design, preparation and uses of organic conjugated polymers and oligomers in the electronics industry and focuses on the factors governing their physical properties and their structure-property relationship in electronic device applications.
Smart Polymers and Polymeric Materials (Postgraduate level)
This module focuses on the syntheses, structures, behaviours of polymers and polymeric materials that are responsive to external stimuli such as heat, light, electric potential, pH and ionic strength.

Support Teaching:

Tutorials: Level 2 Organic Chemistry.
Skills for Success: Databases Project.
Level 3 Literature Review

Laboratory Teaching:

MSc Laboratories
Level 4 Research Project