Research from the University of Sheffield, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, investigated why children differ so much in their early maths skills, to try and identify how they can be best supported. The study concluded that using brain training exercises to improve core thinking skills don't in turn boost maths ability.
Instead, the researchers found that core thinking skills, including memory and attention, are key skills that support early maths learning.
The research is some of the first to identify what is causing an attainment gap in early maths skills by studying a sample of four-year-olds from socially diverse backgrounds on their core thinking skills and early maths skills.
Core thinking skills are crucial in the development of early numbers skills
Dr Emma Blakey
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield
The findings showed that on average, the children from disadvantaged backgrounds had lower maths skills than their more advantaged peers.
The study showed one way to support children who may be struggling with early maths is to support these core thinking skills. The researchers tried an intervention technique to improve the children’s cognitive skills directly to see if this had a knock-on effect on their maths ability.
The intervention involved simple brain training challenges which the children completed once a week.
Although the children improved their performance on the brain training tasks, there was no improvement in their maths skills.
It is hoped the findings will inform new research to test different types of interventions in order to narrow the differences in early numeracy skills and help disadvantaged children who might be at risk of falling behind in maths. Interventions could include promoting teaching strategies which are less demanding on children’s attention.
Dr Emma Blakey, from the University of Sheffield’s Department of Psychology, said: “Our study has found that core thinking skills are crucial in the development of early numbers skills. For children who struggle with these skills, their memory and attention may get eaily overloaded by the learning process."
“We found that trying to improve these thinking skills using brain training is not effective. The next stage of our research will be to see if a helpful approach for children who might be struggling may be to ease the load on their attention and memory while they are learning.”
The full paper, The role of executive functions in socioeconomic attainment Gaps: results from a randomized controlled trial, is available online.