Dr Thomas Darton
DTM&H MRCP(UK)(Infectious Diseases) FRCPath
Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health
Florey Advanced Clinical Fellow
Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases
+44 114 215 9507
Full contact details
Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health
LU109
The Medical School
Beech Hill Road
Sheffield
S10 2RX
- Profile
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For enquiries, please contact – ClinMed-Operational@sheffield.ac.uk
I graduated from Nottingham in 2002 and completed general medical training in Sheffield. During an Academic Clinical Fellowship in Sheffield I became interested in the host-pathogen interactions occurring during invasive bacterial infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.
Between 2010 and 2014 I worked on the development of human challenge models of enteric fever (Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi A) at the Oxford Vaccine Group (Oxford) and explored how these models relate to natural infection and how they might accelerate vaccine and diagnostic development. This work led to further studies of diagnostics, disease burden and vaccine implementation in endemic regions.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health and, for human-restricted pathogens such as S. Typhi, prevention by vaccination is a vital control strategy. After completion of specialist training and a Clinical Lectureship placement at the Oxford Clinical Research Unit in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, I joined the Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and the School of Medicine & Population Health in 2018 as a Florey Advanced Fellow.
- Research interests
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Investigating the drivers of antimicrobial resistance in lower- and middle-income country settings.
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Understanding the role and developing vaccines and diagnostics for enteric fever and other causes of non-specific febrile illness in low-resource settings.
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The ethical use of human challenge studies to advance the discovery and translation of tools for patient benefit.
Current Projects
- Investigating the effects of environmental exposure to fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae on the gastrointestinal microbiota of children in Vietnam (AMS CLSG 2016–2018).
- STRATAA: Understanding the burden of enteric fever in Africa and Asia: a study of transmission and antibiotic resistance to improve diagnostics and inform vaccine strategies (Wellcome Trust Strategic Award 2015–2019).
- Identification of serological diagnostic markers for typhoid fever by protein microarray (BMFG 2015–2017)
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- Publications
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Show: Featured publications All publications
Featured publications
Journal articles
- Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet.
- Diagnostic host gene signature for distinguishing enteric fever from other febrile diseases. EMBO Molecular Medicine. View this article in WRRO
- The Impact of Vaccination and Prior Exposure on Stool Shedding of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in 6 Controlled Human Infection Studies.. Clin Infect Dis. View this article in WRRO
- Compositional and Functional Differences in the Human Gut Microbiome Correlate with Clinical Outcome following Infection with Wild-Type Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi.. mBio, 9(3). View this article in WRRO
- The STRATAA study protocol: a programme to assess the burden of enteric fever in Bangladesh, Malawi and Nepal using prospective population census, passive surveillance, serological studies and healthcare utilisation surveys.. BMJ Open, 7(6), e016283-e016283. View this article in WRRO
- Treatment response in enteric fever in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: an individual patient data analysis of 2,092 participants enrolled into four randomised controlled trials in Nepal. Clinical Infectious Diseases. View this article in WRRO
- Using a Human Challenge Model of Infection to Measure Vaccine Efficacy: A Randomised, Controlled Trial Comparing the Typhoid Vaccines M01ZH09 with Placebo and Ty21a. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(8). View this article in WRRO
- Interferon-driven alterations of the host’s amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 213(6), 1061-1077. View this article in WRRO
- Design, recruitment, and microbiological considerations in human challenge studies. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15(7), 840-851.
- An Outpatient, Ambulant-Design, Controlled Human Infection Model Using Escalating Doses of Salmonella Typhi Challenge Delivered in Sodium Bicarbonate Solution. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58(9), 1230-1240. View this article in WRRO
- Severity of Meningococcal Disease Associated with Genomic Bacterial Load. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 48(5), 587-594.
- Induction of Cell Cycle and NK Cell Responses by Live-Attenuated Oral Vaccines against Typhoid Fever. Frontiers in Immunology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- Identification of Novel Serodiagnostic Signatures of Typhoid Fever Using a Salmonella Proteome Array. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- Rapidly Escalating Hepcidin and Associated Serum Iron Starvation Are Features of the Acute Response to Typhoid Infection in Humans. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(9), e0004029-e0004029. View this article in WRRO
All publications
Journal articles
- Pathogen diversity and antimicrobial resistance transmission of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Malawi: a genomic epidemiological study. The Lancet Microbe.
- Evaluating the relationship between ciprofloxacin prescription and non-susceptibility in Salmonella Typhi in Blantyre, Malawi: an observational study. The Lancet Microbe, 5(3), e226-e234.
- Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Nature Communications, 15. View this article in WRRO
- Less is more: Uptake of recommended vaccines in a UK travel clinic. Journal of Infection, 88(3), 106109-106109.
- Immunomodulatory therapy in children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS, MIS-C; RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 8(3), 190-200.
- WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health. The Lancet Microbe, 100902-100902.
- 53 TRANSLATE TB: Transcriptional signatures for latent TB, Sheffield, UK. Clinical Infection in Practice, 20, 100311-100311.
- 44 Quantitative PCR demonstrates the underestimated burden of Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of paediatric pyoderma in The Gambia. Clinical Infection in Practice, 20, 100304-100304.
- Human infection challenge in the pandemic era and beyond, HIC-Vac annual meeting report, 2022. Immunotherapy Advances, 3(1), ltad024.
- Empagliflozin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
- The immune evasion roles of Staphylococcus aureus protein A and impact on vaccine development. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13. View this article in WRRO
- Early transcriptional responses to human enteric fever challenge. Infection and Immunity, 19(10). View this article in WRRO
- The effect of a comprehensive typhoid conjugate vaccine campaign on antimicrobial prescribing in children in Harare, Zimbabwe: a mixed methods study. The Lancet Global Health, 11(9), e1422-e1431.
- Bacterial shedding and serologic responses following an outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in an endemic cohort. BMC Infectious Diseases, 23(1).
- Omicron BA.1-containing mRNA-1273 boosters compared with the original COVID-19 vaccine in the UK: a randomised, observer-blind, active-controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
- Higher dose corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 who are hypoxic but not requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet.
- Persistence of immune response in heterologous COVID vaccination schedules in the Com-COV2 study – a single-blind, randomised trial incorporating mRNA, viral-vector and protein-adjuvant vaccines. Journal of Infection.
- Human leukocyte antigen alleles associate with COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and risk of breakthrough infection. Nature Medicine, 29(1), 147-157.
- Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(11).
- Characterizing altruistic motivation in potential volunteers for SARS-CoV-2 challenge trials. PLoS ONE, 17(11).
- Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2) : results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
- Clinical and laboratory factors associated with neonatal sepsis mortality at a major Vietnamese children’s hospital. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(9).
- Baricitinib in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY) : a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial and updated meta-analysis. The Lancet, 400(10349), 359-368.
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust. Wellcome Open Research, 6. View this article in WRRO
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells exhibit distinct functional signatures associated with protection against typhoid fever. Cellular Immunology, 378, 104572-104572.
- A bundle of infection control measures reduces post-operative sternal wound infection due to Staphylococcus aureus but not Gram-negative bacteria : a retrospective analysis of 6,903 patient episodes. Journal of Hospital Infection.
- Genetic susceptibility to enteric fever in experimentally challenged human volunteers. Infection and Immunity.
- Casirivimab and imdevimab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet, 399(10325), 665-676.
- Aspirin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet, 399(10320), 143-151.
- Immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 primary vaccination incorporating mRNA, viral-vector, and protein-adjuvant vaccines in the UK (Com-COV2): a single-blind, randomised, phase 2, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet.
- Burden of enteric fever at three urban sites in Africa and Asia: a multicentre population-based study. The Lancet Global Health, 9(12), e1688-e1696. View this article in WRRO
- Azithromycin and cefixime combination versus azithromycin alone for the out-patient treatment of clinically suspected or confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever in South Asia: a randomised controlled trial protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. Wellcome Open Research, 6. View this article in WRRO
- AZD1222/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induces a polyfunctional spike protein-specific Th1 response with a diverse TCR repertoire.. Science Translational Medicine.
- Salmonella Typhi stool shedding by enteric fever patients and asymptomatic chronic carriers in an endemic urban setting.. Journal of Infectious Diseases. View this article in WRRO
- Reactogenicity and immunogenicity after a late second dose or a third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in the UK: a substudy of two randomised controlled trials (COV001 and COV002). The Lancet.
- Long-term survivors following autologous haematopoetic stem cell transplantation have significant defects in their humoral immunity against vaccine preventable diseases, years on from transplant. Vaccine.
- Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet, 397(10285), 1637-1645.
- Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet.
- Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7) : an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1351-1362.
- Case report : typhoid fever complicated by ileal perforation in an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
- Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. The Lancet, 397(10277), 881-891.
- Promoting ethical payment in human infection challenge studies. The American Journal of Bioethics.
- Azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet.
- Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet.
- Seasonal influenza programme expansion. BMJ, 371. View this article in WRRO
- Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial. The Lancet, 396(10267), 1979-1993.
- Homologous and heterologous re-challenge with Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in a randomised controlled human infection model. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(10). View this article in WRRO
- The influence of human genetic variation on early transcriptional responses and protective immunity following immunization with Rotarix vaccine in infants in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam : a study protocol for an open single-arm interventional trial. Wellcome Open Research, 5.
- Human Salmonella Typhi exposure generates differential multifunctional cross‐reactive T‐cell memory responses against Salmonella Paratyphi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 9(9).
- The CIPAZ study protocol: an open label randomised controlled trial of azithromycin versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of children hospitalised with dysentery in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Wellcome Open Research, 5.
- The current status of enteric fever diagnostics and implications for disease control. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(Supplement_2), S64-S70.
- Unnecessary hesitancy on human vaccine tests—Response. Science, 369(6500), 151-151. View this article in WRRO
- Evaluating use cases for human challenge trials in accelerating SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. Clinical Infectious Diseases. View this article in WRRO
- Decision analysis approach to risk/benefit evaluation in the ethical review of controlled human infection studies. Bioethics. View this article in WRRO
- Ethics of controlled human infection to study COVID-19. Science. View this article in WRRO
- Assessment of an antibody-in-lymphocyte supernatant assay for the etiological diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in children. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 9. View this article in WRRO
- Factors influencing participation in controlled human infection models : a pooled analysis from six enteric fever studies. Wellcome Open Research, 4. View this article in WRRO
- Diagnostic host gene signature for distinguishing enteric fever from other febrile diseases. EMBO Molecular Medicine. View this article in WRRO
- The Impact of Vaccination and Prior Exposure on Stool Shedding of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in 6 Controlled Human Infection Studies.. Clin Infect Dis. View this article in WRRO
- Changing Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Kathmandu, Nepal: A 23-Year Retrospective Analysis of Bacteraemia. Frontiers in Medicine, 5, 262-262. View this article in WRRO
- Compositional and Functional Differences in the Human Gut Microbiome Correlate with Clinical Outcome following Infection with Wild-Type Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi.. mBio, 9(3). View this article in WRRO
- Azithromycin Resistance in
Shigella
spp. in Southeast Asia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 62(4). View this article in WRRO
- Clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genomics of bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in a children’s hospital in Vietnam: protocol for a prospective observational study. BMJ Open, 8(1), e019611-e019611. View this article in WRRO
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars associated with invasive and non-invasive disease in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 111(9), 418-424. View this article in WRRO
- The Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium (TyVAC): Vaccine effectiveness study designs: Accelerating the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines and reducing the global burden of enteric fever. Report from a meeting held on 26–27 October 2016, Oxford, UK. Vaccine, 35(38), 5081-5088. View this article in WRRO
- The STRATAA study protocol: a programme to assess the burden of enteric fever in Bangladesh, Malawi and Nepal using prospective population census, passive surveillance, serological studies and healthcare utilisation surveys.. BMJ Open, 7(6), e016283-e016283. View this article in WRRO
- An evaluation of purified Salmonella Typhi protein antigens for the serological diagnosis of acute typhoid fever. Journal of Infection. View this article in WRRO
- Evaluation of the Clinical and Microbiological Response to Salmonella Paratyphi A Infection in the First Paratyphoid Human Challenge Model. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 64(8), 1066-1073. View this article in WRRO
- Current challenges and possible solutions to improve access to care and treatment for hepatitis C infection in Vietnam: a systematic review.. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17. View this article in WRRO
- Challenge of Humans with Wild-type Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Elicits Changes in the Activation and Homing Characteristics of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- Importance of Salmonella Typhi-Responsive CD8+ T Cell Immunity in a Human Typhoid Fever Challenge Model. Frontiers in Immunology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- Treatment response in enteric fever in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: an individual patient data analysis of 2,092 participants enrolled into four randomised controlled trials in Nepal. Clinical Infectious Diseases. View this article in WRRO
- Blood culture-PCR to optimise typhoid fever diagnosis after controlled human infection identifies frequent asymptomatic cases and evidence of primary bacteraemia. Journal of Infection. View this article in WRRO
- Using a Human Challenge Model of Infection to Measure Vaccine Efficacy: A Randomised, Controlled Trial Comparing the Typhoid Vaccines M01ZH09 with Placebo and Ty21a. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(8). View this article in WRRO
- Tourniquet Test for Dengue Diagnosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 10(8), e0004888-e0004888. View this article in WRRO
- Oral Challenge with Wild-Type Salmonella Typhi Induces Distinct Changes in B Cell Subsets in Individuals Who Develop Typhoid Disease. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(6), e0004766-e0004766. View this article in WRRO
- Interferon-driven alterations of the host’s amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 213(6), 1061-1077. View this article in WRRO
- Development and Evaluation of a Blood Culture PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Clinical Samples. PLoS ONE, 11(3). View this article in WRRO
- Salmonella Typhi-specific multifunctional CD8+ T cells play a dominant role in protection from typhoid fever in humans. Journal of Translational Medicine, 14(1). View this article in WRRO
- Live attenuated oral vaccine, age and anti-Vi antibody status at baseline significantly affect attack rate in a human Salmonella Typhi challenge model. Journal of Infection, 71(6), 689-689.
- Control of InvasiveSalmonellaDisease in Africa: Is There a Role for Human Challenge Models?. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 61(suppl 4), S266-S271. View this article in WRRO
- Understanding paratyphoid infection: study protocol for the development of a human model of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A challenge in healthy adult volunteers. BMJ Open, 5(6), e007481-e007481. View this article in WRRO
- Design, recruitment, and microbiological considerations in human challenge studies. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15(7), 840-851.
- The serodominant secreted effector protein ofSalmonella, SseB, is a strong CD4 antigen containing an immunodominant epitope presented by diverse HLA class II alleles. Immunology, 143(3), 438-446. View this article in WRRO
- Reply to Farmakiotis et al. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(8), 1198-1199. View this article in WRRO
- MBL2 deficiency is associated with higher genomic bacterial loads during meningococcemia in young children. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(12), 1337-1342.
- An Outpatient, Ambulant-Design, Controlled Human Infection Model Using Escalating Doses of Salmonella Typhi Challenge Delivered in Sodium Bicarbonate Solution. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58(9), 1230-1240. View this article in WRRO
- Advancing the management and control of typhoid fever: A review of the historical role of human challenge studies. Journal of Infection, 68(5), 405-418.
- Typhoid epidemiology, diagnostics and the human challenge model. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 30(1), 7-17.
- The challenge of enteric fever. Journal of Infection, 68, S38-S50.
- Genetic material should be routinely collected in clinical vaccine trials – High consent rates can be achieved across all age groups. Vaccine, 31(25), 2744-2748.
- Bone and joint infections. Surgery (Oxford), 31(4), 187-192.
- Variations in attack rate in a single-blind, dose escalation challenge study of Salmonella Typhi in healthy adult volunteers. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16, e244-e244.
- Quantification of antibody secreting cell responses in a human challenge model of Salmonella Typhi infection. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16, e224-e224.
- Demonstration of primary and asymptomatic DNAaemia in participants challenged with Salmonella Typhi (Quailes strain) during the development of a human model of typhoid infection. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16, e215-e215.
- Six-Month Evaluation of a Rapid Direct MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry Methodology for Organism Identification in Bloodstream Infection in a Routine Clinical Setting. Journal of Infection, 63(6), 496-497.
- Bacterial Genomic Detection Within Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Meningococcal Disease Is Influenced by Microbial and Host Characteristics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 53(5), 463-467.
- Adult Survivors of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Exhibit Defective B Cell Function. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(9), 1133-1136.
- Baseline factors predicting the duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy for cellulitis in an outpatient setting. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 29(3), 347-349.
- Bone and joint infections. Surgery (Oxford), 28(2), 95-100.
- Systematic telephone triage of possible ‘Swine’ influenza leads to potentially serious misdiagnosis of infectious diseases. Journal of Infection, 59(5), 371-372.
- Severity of Meningococcal Disease Associated with Genomic Bacterial Load. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 48(5), 587-594.
- Missed opportunities to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Results of a regional service evaluation. Journal of Infection, 58(2), 172-173.
- Evaluation of an agar-gradient minimum-inhibitory-concentration method (the Etest) as a rapid and direct measure of antimicrobial susceptibility in Gram-negative bacteraemia. Critical Care, 12(Suppl 5), P25-P25.
- Use of direct Etest in the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Critical Care, 12(Suppl 5), P24-P24.
- P429 Thromboprophylaxis in medical patients — have we made any progress? An audit on the use of thrombosis risk factor assessment form in medical patients in Kingsmill Hospital, UK. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 14, S151-S152.
- Molecular methods enhance the detection of pyoderma-related Streptococcus pyogenes and emm-type distribution in children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
- Seasonal Azithromycin Use in Paediatric Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis Does Not Promote Antimicrobial Resistance but Does Modulate the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(22), 16053-16053.
- The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK. Wellcome Open Research, 8, 111-111.
- Direct inference and control of genetic population structure from RNA sequencing data. Communications Biology, 6(1).
- The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK. Wellcome Open Research, 8, 111-111.
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust. Wellcome Open Research, 6, 220-220.
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust. Wellcome Open Research, 6, 220-220.
- T-cell mediated immunity after AZD1222 vaccination: A polyfunctional spike-specific Th1 response with a diverse TCR repertoire.
- Diagnostic host gene signature to accurately distinguish enteric fever from other febrile diseases. View this article in WRRO
- Salmonella Typhi Bactericidal Antibodies Reduce Disease Severity but Do Not Protect against Typhoid Fever in a Controlled Human Infection Model. Frontiers in Immunology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- A 23-year retrospective investigation of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi isolated in a tertiary Kathmandu hospital. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(11), e0006051-e0006051. View this article in WRRO
- Induction of Cell Cycle and NK Cell Responses by Live-Attenuated Oral Vaccines against Typhoid Fever. Frontiers in Immunology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- Identification of Novel Serodiagnostic Signatures of Typhoid Fever Using a Salmonella Proteome Array. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- Assessment and Translation of the Antibody-in-Lymphocyte Supernatant (ALS) Assay to Improve the Diagnosis of Enteric Fever in Two Controlled Human Infection Models and an Endemic Area of Nepal. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. View this article in WRRO
- Rapidly Escalating Hepcidin and Associated Serum Iron Starvation Are Features of the Acute Response to Typhoid Infection in Humans. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(9), e0004029-e0004029. View this article in WRRO
- Oral Wild-Type Salmonella Typhi Challenge Induces Activation of Circulating Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in Individuals Who Develop Typhoid Disease. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(6), e0003837-e0003837. View this article in WRRO
- Activation of Salmonella Typhi-Specific Regulatory T Cells in Typhoid Disease in a Wild-Type S. Typhi Challenge Model. PLOS Pathogens, 11(5), e1004914-e1004914. View this article in WRRO
- Why the development of effective typhoid control measures requires the use of human challenge studies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5. View this article in WRRO
- Managing and monitoring tuberculosis using web-based tools in combination with traditional approaches. Clinical Epidemiology, 465-465. View this article in WRRO
- Are we good at thromboembolic disease prophylaxis? - an audit of the use of risk assessment forms in emergency medical admissions. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 59(5), 605-611.
- Plumbing the Depths of Ethical Payment for Research Participation. The American Journal of Bioethics, 1-4.
Chapters
- Molecular Diagnosis of Enteric Fever: Progress and Perspectives, Salmonella - Distribution, Adaptation, Control Measures and Molecular Technologies InTech
Preprints
- Molecular methods enhance the detection of pyoderma-related Streptococcus pyogenes and emm-type distribution in children, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- A Randomized Trial Comparing Omicron-Containing Boosters with the Original Covid-19 Vaccine mRNA-1273, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK, Wellcome Open Res.
- Bacterial shedding and serologic responses following an outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in an endemic cohort, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Azithromycin and cefixime combination versus azithromycin alone for the out-patient treatment of clinically suspected or confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever in South Asia: a randomised controlled trial protocol.
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust.
- Genetic Susceptibility to Enteric Fever in Experimentally Challenged Human Volunteers, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Characterizing altruistic motivation in potential volunteers for SARS-CoV-2 challenge trials, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Single Dose Administration, And The Influence Of The Timing Of The Booster Dose On Immunogenicity and Efficacy Of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine.
- Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 (B.1.1.7).
- Evaluating use cases for human challenge trials in accelerating COVID-19 vaccine development, Center for Open Science.
- Ethical Payment to Participants in Human Infection Challenge Studies, with a Focus on SARS-CoV-2: Report and Recommendations.
- Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet.
- Teaching interests
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I teach on the Diploma of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTM&H) in Sheffield, the Diploma of Mountain Medicine in Nepal and Masters courses in molecular medicine and vaccinology. I am also involved in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, demonstrating and supervision at the Medical School.
- Professional activities and memberships
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- Member of the British HIV Association, British Infection Association, and the British Global and Travel Health Association.
- Member of the HIC-VAC network