Professor Colin Smith
School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering
Professor in Geotechnical Engineering
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+44 114 222 5717
Full contact details
School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering
Room E106
Sir Frederick Mappin Building (Broad Lane Building)
Mappin Street
Sheffield
S1 3JD
- Profile
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My research focuses on the development of optimisation-based tools for geotechnical analysis and design together with novel low-carbon construction techniques.
Prof. Colin Smith
Colin Smith graduated from the University of Cambridge in 1987. He joined the Cambridge Soil Mechanics research group in the same year and completed a PhD in 1991. Following two years as a research associate at Cambridge he joined the Department in 1992.
He is co-developer of the novel Discontinuity Layout Optimisation (DLO) numerical limit analysis method and is co-founder and director of University spin-out company LimitState Ltd, where he led the development of the DLO based ultimate limit state analysis and design software LimitState:GEO. The software rapidly analyses the safety of geotechnical constructions and is now in use by over 100 companies and ~240 Universities across the world. It is also used within several taught modules at Sheffield.
He currently teaches geotechnical design modules within the Department at Level 3 and MSc level.
His research is aimed at developing enhanced limit analysis techniques and in the application of robust optimization techniques to geotechnical design.
He is also researching novel low carbon geotechnical construction techniques. Adopting the broad paradigm of in-situ resource utilization, this work seeks to ‘go back to the future’ combining traditional approaches (including masonry) with digital technology to achieve modern standards of engineering with minimal external material inputs. This work combines experimental studies with numerical modelling.
His current research includes:
- Limit analysis and optimisation in geotechnics: providing easy-to-use tools for engineers to identify critical collapse mechanisms and associated margins of safety.
- Low-carbon geotechnical construction through numerical design optimisation and the application of low-impact construction techniques. This encompasses traditional methods using soil and rock, application of unsaturated soil strength, and development of rigorous chemistry based bio-additive techniques for soil improvement.
- Masonry arch bridge analysis, modelling and assessment.
Further information may be found in his dedicated research pages.
His research at Sheffield has been funded by EPSRC, NERC and industry.
- Publications
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Books
Journal articles
- Automatic yield-line analysis of out-of-plane loaded masonry cladding panels. Computers & Structures, 305, 107563-107563.
- Combined rupture mechanism of shallow foundations under drained conditions. Computers and Geotechnics, 163, 105710-105710.
- Experimental investigation on the shear behaviour of the brickwork-backfill interface in masonry arch bridges. Engineering Structures, 292, 116531-116531.
- A Python script for discontinuity layout optimization. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 66(7).
- Sustainable biopolymer soil stabilisation: the effect of microscale chemical characteristics on macroscale mechanical properties. Acta Geotechnica, 18(6), 3213-3227.
- Numerical modelling of the application of capillary barrier systems for prevention of rainfall-induced slope instability. Acta Geotechnica, 18(1), 355-378.
- Limit analysis of masonry walls using discontinuity layout optimization and homogenization. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering.
- The stress function basis of the upper bound theorem of plasticity. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 244-245.
- Sustainable biopolymer soil stabilization in saline rich, arid conditions : a ‘micro to macro’ approach. Scientific Reports, 12(1).
- Optimized design of soil reinforcement layout. Géotechnique, 72(6), 486-495.
- Biopolymer Stabilization/Solidification of Soils: A Rapid, Micro-Macro, Cross-Disciplinary Approach. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(21), 13963-13972.
- The importance of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measurements for green roof detention modelling. Journal of Hydrology, 590.
- Upper bound limit analysis of soils with a non-linear failure criterion. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 57(3), 423-432.
- Modelling orthogonal and oblique cutting via discontinuity layout optimization. Procedia CIRP, 82, 37-42.
- Internal fluctuations in green roof substrate moisture content during storm events: Monitored data and model simulations. Journal of Hydrology, 573, 872-884.
- Mechanical properties of freshly amended soils with miscanthus biochar. Soil Use and Management, 34(4), 563-574.
- Influence of railway loading on the performance of soil-filled masonry arch bridges. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering, 1-36.
- Combined rupture mechanisms in shallow foundations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 55(6), 829-838.
- Editorial. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 170(4), 133-134.
- Large-scale physical modelling of soil-filled masonry arch bridges. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 1-14.
- Limit analysis of reinforced embankments on soft soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 44(4), 504-514.
- Modelling rotational failure in confined geometries using DLO. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 168(4), 155-168.
- Modelling granular soil behaviour using a physics engine. Géotechnique Letters , 5(4), 243-249.
- Editorial. Proceedings of the ICE - Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 168(3), 89-89.
- Editorial. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 168(3), 89-89.
- Non-associative limit analysis of the toppling-sliding failure of rock slopes. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 71, 1-11.
- Automatic yield-line analysis of slabs using discontinuity layout optimization. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 470(2168), ---.
- Modelling discrete soil reinforcement in numerical limit analysis. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 50(7), 705-715.
- Application of discontinuity layout optimization to three-dimensional plasticity problems. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 469(2155).
- Influence of backfill on the capacity of masonry arch bridges. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Bridge Engineering, 165(3), 147-157.
- Theoretical basis of ultimate limit state design. Geotechnique Letters, 2(4-6), 205-208.
- Geosynthetic landfill cap stability: Comparison of limit equilibrium, computational limit analysis and finite element analyses. Geosynthetics International, 19(2), 133-146.
- Lateral Soil Resistance for On-bottom Pipeline Design on Clayey Seabed. HKIE Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, 19(4), 2-10.
- Pseudo-static limit analysis by discontinuity layout optimization: Application to seismic analysis of retaining walls. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 31(10), 1311-1323.
- Masonry arch analysis using discontinuity layout optimisation. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 163(3), 155-166.
- The ultimate uplift capacity of multi-plate strip anchors in undrained clay. Computers and Geotechnics, 37(4), 504-514.
- Application of discontinuity layout optimization to plane plasticity problems. Proceedings Royal Society A, 463(2086), 2461-2484.
- Load-carrying capacity of flooded masonry arch bridges. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Bridge Engineering, 159, 97-103.
- Influence of density inversion on thawing around a cylinder in a frozen saturated porous medium. Transport in Porous Media, 63(1), 223-237.
- Discussion of "Assessment of multispan masonry arch bridges. I: Simplified approach" by Antonio Brencich and Ugo de Francesco. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 11(2), 257-261.
- Non-equilibrium partitioning tracer transport in porous media: 2-D physical modelling and imaging using a partitioning fluorescent dye. Water Research, 39(20), 5099-5111.
- Complete limiting stress solutions for the bearing capacity of strip footings on a Mohr-Coulomb soil. Geotechnique, 55(8), 607-612.
- Dissolved oxygen imaging in a porous medium to investigate biodegradation in a plume with limited electron acceptor supply. Environmental Science & Technology, 37, 1905-1911.
- Physical modelling of solute transport in porous media: Evaluation of an imaging technique using UV excited fluorescent dye. Water Research, 36(7), 1843-1853.
- Evaluation of shredded tyre chips as sorption media for passive treatment walls. Engineering Geology, 60(1-4), 253-261.
- Limit Analysis of 2D Non-Periodic Masonry Walls via Discontinuity Layout Optimization. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 1-21.
- Combined rupture mechanisms of shallow foundations: implications in limit state design. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 1-17.
Chapters
- Effect of the acetylation on the water resistance of biopolymer stabilised soil, Geotechnical Engineering Challenges to Meet Current and Emerging Needs of Society (pp. 3450-3454). CRC Press
- Eurocode 7 – second generation - numerical methods, Geotechnical Engineering Challenges to Meet Current and Emerging Needs of Society (pp. 1513-1516). CRC Press
- New UK guidance for the assessment of masonry arch bridges, Life-Cycle of Structures and Infrastructure Systems (pp. 1400-1407). CRC Press
- Experimental investigation of the effect of masonry infill on the performance of masonry arch bridges, Life-Cycle of Structures and Infrastructure Systems (pp. 1360-1367). CRC Press
- Analysis of masonry arch bridges using multi-scale discontinuity layout optimization, Life-Cycle of Structures and Infrastructure Systems (pp. 1376-1383). CRC Press
- Use of Layout Optimization to Solve Large-Scale Limit Analysis and Design Problems, Direct Methods for Limit States in Structures and Materials (pp. 157-180). Springer Netherlands
- Application of computational limit analysis in ultimate limit state design In Arnold P, Fenton GA, Hicks MA, Schweckendiek T & Simpson B (Ed.), Modern Geotechnical Design Codes of Practice (pp. 195-213). IOS Press
- 'The Creature Lurks Within?' Restoring Acid Tar Lagoons, Sustainable Brownfield Regeneration: Liveable Places from Problem Spaces (pp. 237-262).
- Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX In Cardoso AS, Borges JL, Costa PA, Gomes AT, Marques JC & Vieira CS (Ed.) CRC Press
Conference proceedings papers
- Fast-Running Analysis of the Safety of Masonry Constructions (pp 272-284)
- Masonry arch bridges in the 21st century. IABSE Reports, 10 April 2024 - 12 April 2024.
- Enhancing the Water and Biodegradation Resistance of Biopolymer Stabilised Soils – Design Concepts (pp 293-302)
- Limit analysis of non-periodic masonry by means of Discontinuity Layout Optimization. 8th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering
- Numerical study of the application of capillary barrier systems for prevention of rainfall-induced slope instabilities. E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 195. Lisboa, Portugal (online), 19 October 2020 - 21 October 2020.
- TERRE project : interplay between unsaturated soil mechanics and low-carbon geotechnical engineering. E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 195. Lisboa, Portugal (online), 19 October 2020 - 21 October 2020.
- Application of Computational Limit Analysis to LRFD Design. Geo-Congress 2020
- Application of Computational Design Optimization in Geotechnical Engineering. Geo-Congress 2020
- Modelling Masonry Arch Bridges Containing Internal Spandrel Walls (pp 315-322)
- Lower Bound Stress Fields in the Limit Analysis of Soil-Filled Masonry Arch Bridges (pp 323-330)
- Limit Analysis of Masonry Arch Bridges Using Discontinuity Layout Optimization (pp 307-314)
- Automated reconstruction of soil stress-strain response from full field displacement measurements and loading data using optimisation. . Proceedings of the XVII European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering - ECSMGE(1). Reykjavik, Iceland, 1 September 2019 - 1 September 2019.
- Recent advances in the application of discontinuity layout optimization to geotechnical analysis and design problems. 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2019 - Proceedings, Vol. 2019-September
- Discrete particle modelling of granular soils using a physics engine. 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2019 - Proceedings, Vol. 2019-September
- Optimal design of reinforced slopes. Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2018), Vol. 2 (pp 1377-1382). Porto, Portugal, 25 June 2018 - 25 June 2018.
- Squeezing bearing capacity and effects of increasing strength with depth (pp 1299-1304)
- Ultimate uplift capacity of buried pipelines in undrained clay (pp 357-362)
- Applications (pp 569-637)
- Coupled two-component flow in deformable fractured porous media with application to modelling geological carbon storage. Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering - Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, NUMGE 2014, Vol. 2 (pp 989-994)
- The Ultimate Uplift Capacity of Multi-Plate Anchors in Undrained Clay. Soil Behavior and Geo-Micromechanics
Patents
Reports
Preprints
- Sustainable Biopolymer Soil Stabilization in Saline Rich, Arid Conditions – A ‘Micro to Macro’ Approach., Research Square Platform LLC.
- Research group
- Grants
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Exploiting the resilience of masonry arch bridge infrastructure
The goal of this project is to provide those responsible for the management of bridges with a powerful suite of analysis modelling tools and a robust overarching multi-level framework capable of being applied to the diverse population of masonry arch bridges in-service today (i.e. undamaged, damaged and repaired).
Practical 3D model of masonry arch bridges and tunnel linings
The decision support tools currently used by bridge owners and their consultants tend to be highly simplified, and incapable of identifying bridges which are likely to deteriorate under traffic loads, and of diagnosing the causes of a range of commonly encountered defects...
Unlocking the potential of biopolymer soil stabilisation (EPSRC, 01/04/2023-30/09/2024)
The global soil stabilisation market is forecast to grow from $25 billion in 2019 to $35 billion by 2027 driven primarily by infrastructure and construction activities and exacerbated by the increasingly urgent need to adapt to climate change, flood risk and sea-level rise. Soil chemical stabilisation (where soil is mixed with an additive to enhance its strength) is forecast to be the fastest growing sector of the market, taking just under half the share. However the most widely-used additives, cement and lime, suffer from significant carbon and energy costs and substantial environmental impacts.
Such concerns have stimulated interest in biologically-derived alternatives as a low-carbon sustainable solution. There is existing evidence that naturally sourced biopolymers have significant potential, achieving higher strength in stabilised soils with lower additive mass than cement and at similar cost. However, widespread uptake of biopolymers is impeded by the fact that they generally suffer from poor water resistance and poor resistance to biodegradation over time. If these challenges can be addressed, biopolymers could achieve a transformational impact on soil stabilisation. This cross-disciplinary project aims to investigate a number of novel strategies to achieve this goal, designing solutions from the molecular level upwards.
- Professional activities and memberships
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Co-founder and Director of the University spin-out company LimitState Ltd. The company specialises in the development of novel analysis and design software applications which make use of methods developed in the University. LimitState software is now used by >150 industry organizations in >30 countries.
Secretary of International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) Technical Committee TC205 Safety and Serviceability in Geotechnical Design (2010-2017).
Member of Eurocode 7 evolution group EG4, working groups WG1-TG2, WG7, WG3-TG6 (reinforced soil), TGD1.6 (numerical methods) (2011 – present).
Recipient of the ICE Baker Medal (2007) published journal papers.
- PhD opportunities
Design Optimization in Geotechnical Engineering
This project is concerned with the development of numerical methods for the design optimization of earthworks, foundations and retaining structures combining general purpose optimization techniques developed for analysis (e.g. http://www.limitstate.com/geo) and design. An aptitude for computer programming would be essential for this project.
If you're interested in one of these projects, or would like to self-propose a project, please contact Colin at the above email. Current PhD opportunities in the department can be viewed here.