Professor Rachel Smith (she/her)

• Journal articles
• Book chapters
• Conference proceedings
• Presentations
• Preprints

Journal articles

• Lian GJ, Verma P, Cumming D & Smith RM (2025) Probing carbon black deagglomeration in lithium-ion battery cathode manufacturing using powder resistivity metrics. Journal of Power Sources, 659. View this article in WRRO
• Gnanenthiran S, Hewitt C, Rao P, Pitt K, Litster J & Smith R (2025) Undesired agglomeration in agitated filter dryers: A critical review. Powder Technology, 466. View this article in WRRO
• Mustoe CL, Turner AJ, Urwin SJ, Houson I, Feilden H, Markl D, Al Qaraghuli MM, Chong MWS, Robertson M, Nordon A , Johnston BF et al (2025) Quality by digital design to accelerate sustainable medicines development. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 681. View this article in WRRO
• Pardikar K, Capindale J, Pitt K, Abdi-Rahman I, Cumming D & Smith R (2025) Spherical agglomeration for local control of electrode microstructure: Generation of structured agglomerates. Powder Technology, 454. View this article in WRRO
• Parker J, Smith R & Cumming D (2024) High-resolution X-ray mapping of fluorinated binders in lithium-ion battery electrodes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 128(49). View this article in WRRO
• Bala N, Corrigan J, Ahmed B, Meyer J, Schongut M, Doshi P, Iyer K, Lee K, Rowland M, Litster JD , Dawson N et al (2024) Corrigendum to “Mechanistic modeling of twin screw wet granulation for pharmaceutical formulations: Calibration, sensitivity analysis, and model-driven workflow” [Int. J. Pharm. 659 (2024) 124246]. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 664, 124624-124624.
• Pitt K, Tew JD, Ahmed B, Brown C, Houson I, Robertson AL, Girard KP, Quon JL, Litster JD & Smith RM (2024) Spherical agglomeration kinetics: a mechanistic approach. Powder Technology, 445. View this article in WRRO
• Bala N, Corrigan J, Meyer J, Schongut M, Doshi P, Iyer K, Lee K, Rowland M, Litster JD, Dawson N & Smith RM (2024) Mechanistic modeling of twin screw wet granulation for pharmaceutical formulations: Calibration, sensitivity analysis, and model-driven workflow. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 659. View this article in WRRO
• Hare C, Hadinoto K, Das S & Smith R (2024) Editorial: Dry powder coating in manufacturing processes. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 6. View this article in WRRO
• Brown CJ, McGinty J, Islam MT, Rajoub N, Arjmandi-Tash O, Ottoboni S, Shahid M, Urwin SJ, Lee YS, Chong MWS , Papathanasiou F et al (2024) Integrated continuous process design for crystallisation, spherical agglomeration, and filtration of lovastatin. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 19. View this article in WRRO
• Lu X, Lian GJ, Parker J, Ge R, Sadan MK, Smith RM & Cumming D (2024) Effect of carbon blacks on electrical conduction and conductive binder domain of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 592. View this article in WRRO
• Sadan MK, Lian GJ, Smith RM & Cumming D (2023) Co, Ni-free ultrathick free-standing dry electrodes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 6(24), 12166-12171. View this article in WRRO
• Tew JD, Pitt K, Smith R & Litster JD (2023) True bridging liquid-solid ratio (TBSR): Redefining a critical process parameter in spherical agglomeration. Powder Technology, 430. View this article in WRRO
• Lu X, Lian GJ, Ge R, Parker J, Sadan MK, Smith R & Cumming D (2023) Microstructure of conductive binder domain for electrical conduction in next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. Energy Technology, 11(10). View this article in WRRO
• Ge R, Boyce AM, Sun Y, Shearing PR, Grant PS, Cumming DJ & Smith RM (2023) Numerical design of microporous carbon binder domains phase in composite cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(23), 27809-27820. View this article in WRRO
• Ge R, Boyce AM, Shui Zhang Y, Shearing PR, Cumming DJ & Smith RM (2023) Discrete element method and electrochemical modelling of lithium ion cathode structures characterised by X-ray computed tomography. Chemical Engineering Journal, 465. View this article in WRRO
• Pardikar K, Entwistle J, Ge R, Cumming D & Smith R (2023) Status and outlook for lithium-ion battery cathode material synthesis and the application of mechanistic modeling. Journal of Physics: Energy, 5(2). View this article in WRRO
• Qu S, Hadjittofis E, Malaret F, Hallett J, Smith R & Campbell KS (2023) Controlling simonkolleite crystallisation via metallic Zn oxidation in a betaine hydrochloride solution. Nanoscale Advances, 5(9), 2437-2452. View this article in WRRO
• Ahmed B, Arjmandi-Tash O, Litster JD & Smith RM (2023) Mechanistic modelling of spherical agglomeration processes. Powder Technology, 417.
• Wang LG, Litster JD & Smith RM (2023) A novel oblique impact model for unified particle breakage master curve. Chemical Engineering Science, 268, 118397-118397.
• Grant PS, Greenwood D, Pardikar K, Smith R, Entwistle T, Middlemiss LA, Murray G, Cussen SA, Lain MJ, Capener MJ , Copley M et al (2022) Roadmap on Li-ion battery manufacturing research. Journal of Physics: Energy, 4(4). View this article in WRRO
• Entwistle J, Ge R, Pardikar K, Smith R & Cumming D (2022) Carbon binder domain networks and electrical conductivity in lithium-ion battery electrodes : a critical review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 166. View this article in WRRO
• Ge R, Cumming DJ & Smith RM (2022) Discrete element method (DEM) analysis of lithium ion battery electrode structures from X-ray tomography-the effect of calendering conditions. Powder Technology, 403. View this article in WRRO
• de Koster SAL, liu LX, Litster J & Smith RM (2021) High-shear granulation : an investigation into granule breakage rates. Advanced Powder Technology, 32(5), 1390-1398. View this article in WRRO
• Hu K, Reed D, Robshaw TJ, Smith RM & Ogden MD (2021) Characterisation of aluminium black dross before and after stepwise salt-phase dissolution in non-aqueous solvents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 401. View this article in WRRO
• Farber L, Al-aaraj DK, Smith R & Gentzler M (2020) Formation and internal microstructure of granules from wetting and non-wetting efavirenz/iron oxide blends. Chemical Engineering Science, 227.
• Aldakheel F, Ismail MS, Hughes KJ, Ingham DB, Ma L, Pourkashanian M, Cumming D & Smith R (2020) Gas permeability, wettability and morphology of gas diffusion layers before and after performing a realistic ex-situ compression test. Renewable Energy, 151, 1082-1091. View this article in WRRO
• Arjmandi-Tash O, Tew JD, Pitt K, Smith R & Litster JD (2019) A new mathematical model for nucleation of spherical agglomerates by the immersion mechanism. Chemical Engineering Science: X, 4. View this article in WRRO
• Arjmandi-Tash O, Tew JD, Pitt K, Smith R & Litster JD (2019) WITHDRAWN: A new mathematical model for nucleation of spherical agglomerates by the immersion mechanism [withdrawn]. Chemical Engineering Science. View this article in WRRO
• de Koster SAL & Smith RM (2019) High shear granulation: an investigation into the granule consolidation mechanism. Powder Technology, 355, 514-525. View this article in WRRO
• Yusof N, Green J, Pitt K, Arjmandi-Tash O, Campbell AI, Ahmadian H, Tantawy H & Smith R (2019) A novel method for the analysis of particle coating behaviour via contact spreading in a tumbling drum: Effect of coating liquid viscosity. Powder Technology, 351, 102-114. View this article in WRRO
• Pitt K, Smith RM, de Koster SAL, Litster JD & Hounslow MJ (2018) Kinetics of immersion nucleation driven by surface tension. Powder Technology, 335, 62-69.
• Pitt K, Peña R, Tew JD, Pal K, Smith R, Nagy ZK & Litster JD (2018) Particle design via spherical agglomeration: A critical review of controlling parameters, rate processes and modelling. Powder Technology, 326, 327-343.
• Ireland E, Pitt K & Smith R (2016) A review of pulsed flow fluidisation; the effects of intermittent gas flow on fluidised gas–solid bed behaviour. Powder Technology, 292, 108-121.
• Wesley DJ, Smith RM, Zimmerman WB & Howse JR (2016) Influence of Surface Wettability on Microbubble Formation. Langmuir, 32(5), 1269-1278.
• Kariuki WIJ, Freireich B, Smith RM, Rhodes M & Hapgood KP (2013) Distribution nucleation: Quantifying liquid distribution on the particle surface using the dimensionless particle coating number. Chemical Engineering Science, 92, 134-145.
• Smith RM & Litster JD (2012) Examining the failure modes of wet granular materials using dynamic diametrical compression. Powder Technology, 224, 189-195.
• Smith RM & Litster JD (2012) Examining the failure modes of wet granular materials using dynamic diametrical compression. Powder Technology.
• Smith RM, Liu LX & Litster JD (2010) Breakage of drop nucleated granules in a breakage only high shear mixer. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 65(21), 5651-5657.
• Liu LX, Smith R & Litster JD (2009) Wet granule breakage in a breakage only high-hear mixer: Effect of formulation properties on breakage behaviour. POWDER TECHNOLOGY, 189(2), 158-164.
• Hapgood KP, Litster JD & Smith R (2003) Nucleation regime map for liquid bound granules. AICHE JOURNAL, 49(2), 350-361.
• Rennie AJ, Martins VL, Smith RM & Hall PJ () Influence of Particle Size Distribution on the Performance of Ionic Liquid-based Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors.. Scientific Reports, 6. View this article in WRRO

Book chapters

• Emady H, Hapgood K & Smith R (2016) Granulation and Tabletting, Particle Technology Series (pp. 107-136). Springer International Publishing
• (2016) Production, Handling and Characterization of Particulate Materials In Merkus HG & Meesters GMH (Ed.) Springer International Publishing
• Hapgood KP & Smith RM (2015) Wet Granulation and Mixing (pp. 153-182). Wiley

Conference proceedings

• Pitt K, Smith RM, Hounslow MJ & Litster JD (2015) Kinetics of immersion nucleation driven by surface tension.. 7th International Granulation Workshop. Sheffield, UK, 1 July 2015 - 3 July 2015.
• Wang M, Shepherd WJ, Smith R & Jensen H (2015) The effect of pipe diameter on hydrogen sulfide build-up in rising mains – model study. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Urban Drainage Modelling. Mont-Sainte-Anne, Quebec, Canada, 20 September 2015 - 20 September 2015. View this article in WRRO
• Smith RM, Davis NJ & Litster JD (2015) Predicting local shear in powder flow using DEM. 7th International Granulation Workshop. Sheffield, UK, 1 July 2015 - 3 July 2015.
• Smith RA, DiFiore SJ & Brett CR (2015) Bring It Down Slowly: Controlled Demolition of a Deteriorated Suspended-Concrete Ceiling above an Active Urban Highway. Structures Congress 2015 (pp 2044-2054)
• Kariuki WIJ, Smith RM, Rhodes M & Hapgood KP (2011) Prediction of particle liquid coverage in fluid bed granulation. 5th International Granulation Workshop. Lausanne, Switzerland, 20 June 2011 - 22 June 2011.
• Smith R, Calvert G, Hassanpour A, Hare C, Feng Y, Rhodes M, Hapgood KP & Ghadiri M (2011) Simulation of liquid binder distribution in fluidised bed granulation using the particle coating number. 5th International Granulation Workshop. Lausanne, Switzerland, 20 June 2011 - 22 June 2011.
• McCormick BP, Snethen G & Smith RL (2011) EXAMINING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA. 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON KINESIOLOGY: INTEGRATIVE POWER OF KINESIOLOGY (pp 73-76)
• Smith R, Calvert G, Hassanpour A, Hare C, Feng Y, Hapgood KP & Ghadiri M (2010) Investigation of liquid distribution in fluidised bed granulation using a single particle surface coverage fraction. Chemeca. Adelaide, Australia, 26 September 2010 - 29 September 2010.
• Kariuki WIJ, Smith R, Rhodes M & Hapgood KP (2010) Prediction of liquid coverage in fluid bed granulation. Chemeca. Adelaide, Australia, 26 September 2010 - 29 September 2010.
• Smith R, Calvert G, Hassanpour A, Hare C, Feng Y, Rhodes M, Hapgood KP & Ghadiri M (2010) Computational study of liquid distribution in an air fluidised bed using a single particle surface coverage. 6th World Congress on Particle Technology. Nuremberg, Germany, 26 April 2010 - 29 April 2010.
• Smith R, Liu LX & Litster JD (2009) Breakage of drop nucleated granules in a breakage only high shear mixer. 9th International Symposium on Agglomeration. Sheffield, UK, 24 June 2009 - 26 June 2009.
• Smith R, Litster JD & Page NW (2009) Diametrical compression of wet granular materials. 9th International Symposium on Agglomeration. Sheffield, UK, 24 June 2009 - 26 June 2009.
• BEVAN DR, DSOUZA L, ROUSE JM, CALDWELL J, DRING G & SMITH RL (1980) CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS OF FAZADINIUM BROMIDE IN RENAL-FAILURE IN MAN. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, Vol. 59(7) (pp 529-530)
• Smith R, Calvert G, Hassanpour A, Hare C, Feng Y, Rhodes M, Hapgood KP & Ghadiri M () Numerical investigation of liquid binder distribution in fluidized bed granulation using the single particle spray flux. Particulate Processes in the Pharmaceutical Industry III. Gold Coast, Australia, 24 July 2011 - 29 July 2011.
• Smith R & Litster JD () Wet granule breakage in the breakage only granulator. International Fine Particles Research Institute Meeting. Perth, Australia, 8 July 2007 - 11 July 2007.
• Litster JD, Smith R, Liu LX, Suhairi NN & Page NW () Studies of wet granule breakage in a laboratory scale breakage only granulator. PARTEC. Nuremberg, Germany, 27 March 2007 - 29 March 2007.
• Litster JD, Smith R & Page NW () Wet granule breakage in high shear mixer granulation. Fifth World Congress on Particle Technology. Florida USA, 23 April 2006 - 27 April 2006.
• Litster JD, Smith R & Page NW () Dynamic mechanical properties of partially saturated granules. Fifth World Congress on Particle Technology. Florida USA, 23 April 2006 - 27 April 2006.
• Smith R, Litster JD & Iveson SM () Wet granule breakage in pharmaceutical granulators. Particle Science Summer School in Winter. Florida USA, January 2003 - January 2003.
• Smith R, Hapgood KP & Litster JD () Mechanical dispersion regime in high shear mixer granulators. 6th World Congress on Chemical Engineering. Sydney, Australia, 23 September 2001 - 27 September 2001.

Presentations

• Yusof NB, Pitt KE, Green J, Campbell AI, Ahmadian H, Gupta P, Greener S & Smith RM A novel method for the analysis of particle coating behaviour via contact spreading in a tumbling drum. AIChE Annual Meeting 2016.
• Al-aaraj DKA, Litster JD & Smith RM An investigation into growth of non-wetting system in high shear granulation. AIChE Annual Meeting 2016.
• Yusof NB, Pitt KE, Green J, Campbell A, Ahmadian H, Gupta P, Greener S & Smith RM A novel method for the analysis of particle coating behaviour via contact spreading in a tumbling drum. Joint IFPRI Robert Pfeffer Symposium & UK Particle Technology Forum.
• Al-aaraj DKA, Litster JD & Smith RM An Investigation into growth of non-wetting system in high shear granulation. Joint IFPRI Robert Pfeffer Symposium & UK Particle Technology Forum.
• Mohd Yusoff SN, Biggs CA & Smith RM Breakage behavior of flocs at different shear rates. Joint IFPRI Robert Pfeffer Symposium & UK Particle Technology Forum.
• Shamsudin ISB & Smith RM Modelling of collision of two spherical particles and a single particle with a wall in normal direction through Discrete Element Method modelling as a preliminary study of granule breakage in a high shear mixer. Joint IFPRI Robert Pfeffer Symposium & UK Particle Technology Forum.
• Alhabeshi LGA & Smith RM Wet granulation: an investigation into distribution nucleation using particle coating number. Joint IFPRI Robert Pfeffer Symposium & UK Particle Technology Forum.
• Green J, Pitt K, Ahmadian H, Greener S, Gupta P & Smith RM Spray coating of powders and liquid contact transfer: prediction and scale-up. Joint IFPRI Robert Pfeffer Symposium & UK Particle Technology Forum.

Preprints

• Lu X, Lian G, Parker J, Ge R, Sadan M, Smith R & Cumming DJ (2023) Effect of Carbon Black Types on Performance of Next Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries (Libs), Elsevier BV.