Professor Robert Poole

School of Biosciences

Emeritus Professor of Microbiology

r.poole@sheffield.ac.uk
+44 114 222 4447

Firth Court

Full contact details

Professor Robert Poole
School of Biosciences
Firth Court
Western Bank
Sheffield
S10 2TN

Profile

Career history

1996 - 2020: West Riding Chair of Microbiology, The University of Sheffield
1997 - 2008: Director of Research, Biological Sciences, The University of Sheffield
1994: Fulbright Scholar, Cornell University
1993: Visiting Fellow, Australian National University, Canberra
1990 -1991: Royal Society-Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellow (KCL)
1988 -1996: Personal Chair of Microbiology (KCL)
1988: Head of Department, Queen Elizabeth College
1986-1988: Reader in Microbiology, University of London
1984-1985: Royal Society Anglo-Australian Fellow, Australian National University, Canberra
1980-1981: Nuffield Foundation Science Research Fellow, Queen Elizabeth College, London
1984: DSc, University of Wales
1975 -1985: Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth College, London (now King’s College London, KCL)
1973 -1974: Personal SRC Post-doctoral Research Fellowship, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, The University, Dundee
1967 -1973: BSc (First Class Hons.), Department of Microbiology, University College Cardiff; PhD, Department of Microbiology, University College Cardiff

Qualifications

Honours and distinctions

2008 - present: Editorial Board, Journal of Biological Chemistry
2007: FRSC, Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
1994 - present: Sole Editor Advances in Microbial Physiology
1994: Fulbright Scholar, Cornell University, USA
1993: Visiting Fellow, Australian National University, Canberra
1990 - 1991: Royal Society-Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellow (KCL)
1985: FRSB, Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology

Research interests

Functions and biogenesis of bacterial terminal oxidases, their reactivity with small gaseous ligands and the first evidence that a specific oxidase contributes to nitric oxide tolerance and aerotolerant nitrogen fixation.

Poole’s laboratory was the first to identify correctly the nature of spectrally distinct forms of the alternative E. coli oxidase (cytochrome bd). He also showed the unique functional capabilities of this oxidase, including its remarkably high affinity for oxygen and its role in protecting E. coli from nitric oxide.

In the aerobic diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii, his group demonstrated the critical role of this oxidase in aerotolerant nitrogen fixation in the process known as respiratory protection. This advanced our understanding of the cytochrome bd-type oxidase by demonstrating that its assembly requires a membrane transport complex, CydDC, the first bacterial example of a heterodimeric ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) transporter homologous to the cystic fibrosis chloride channel (CFTR).

He subsequently demonstrated that it exports cysteine and glutathione to the bacterial periplasm and its importance for maintaining the redox environment required for cytochrome assembly in the periplasm.

Discovery of the first flavohaemoglobin gene in any organism, regulation by nitric oxide and pioneering studies of the roles of bacterial haemoglobins in resisting nitric oxide.

In 1991, Poole discovered the flavohaemoglobin gene (hmp) of Escherichia coli, the first to be identified. New understanding of the roles of bacterial haemoglobins was gained by the discovery that the hmp gene was up-regulated by nitric oxide (NO).

His group showed that flavohaemoglobin expression represents an adaptive response to the toxic NO generated by macrophage NO synthase and described in detail the reaction of Hmp with oxygen and NO at a peroxidase-like active site. They demonstrated genetically and biochemically that Hmp is required for detoxification of NO both in vitro and within human macrophages.

More recently, the flavohaemoglobins of E. coli and Salmonella (and the functionally analogous NO reductase of Neisseria meningitidis) were shown to diminish, via removal of NO, the NO-dependent formation of S-nitrosothiols in macrophages. This led to detailed investigations of transcriptional regulation, which revealed unexpected complexity and showed that the oxygen-sensing Fnr protein also senses NO, with important consequences for global gene regulation.

The chemistries of S-nitrosoglutathione and NO suggest that they should exert distinct biological effects: only the former readily transnitrosates thiols, such as homocysteine.

These distinctive metabolic consequences were probed using microarray analyses of chemostat-grown cells, which confirmed that S-nitrosoglutathione, but not NO, nitrosates cellular targets, whereas NO targets metalloproteins, including Fnr and other metal-containing transcription factors. We are currently interested in the interactions between NO, oxygen and antibiotics.

Comprehensive systems biology approaches to a new understanding of the energy metabolism of a model organism, Escherichia coli.

When oxygen is available, Escherichia coli switches to aerobic respiration to achieve redox balance and optimal energy conservation by proton translocation linked to electron transfer. The switch between fermentative and aerobic respiratory growth is driven by extensive changes in gene expression and protein synthesis, resulting in global changes in metabolic fluxes and metabolite concentrations.

This oxygen response is determined by the interaction of global and local genetic regulatory mechanisms, as well as by enzymatic regulation. A systems-level understanding of the oxygen response of E. coli requires the integrated interpretation of experimental data that are pertinent to the multiple levels of organisation that mediate the response.

In the pan-European venture Systems Biology of Microorganisms (SysMO) and specifically within the project Systems Understanding of Microbial Oxygen Metabolism (SUMO), regulator activities, gene expression, metabolite levels and metabolic flux datasets were obtained using a standardised and reproducible chemostat-based experimental system. These different types and qualities of data were integrated using mathematical models.

We revealed a much more detailed picture of the aerobic-anaerobic response, especially for the environmentally critical microaerobic range that is located between unlimited oxygen availability and anaerobiosis.

Carbon monoxide binding to haem proteins to understand oxidases in vivo and the physiological, pathological and antibacterial consequences of bacterial exposure to carbon monoxide-releasing compounds.

In biology and medicine, carbon monoxide (CO) is now recognised as a second, vital signaling molecule (or ‘gasotransmitter’), implicated as a neurotransmitter and in diverse cytoprotective roles. The mode(s) of action of CO remains unclear, mainly due to the difficulty of delivering and manipulating CO in biological systems.

The distribution of CO in therapy is difficult to tune, while application to localised sites, e.g. of microbial infection, is virtually impossible. Therefore, Poole’s group has started to evaluate CO-Releasing Molecules (CORMs, transition metal carbonyl complexes) as easy-to-handle molecular storage and carrier systems for CO.

Its antibacterial activities are described in recent papers that show that CO generated from CORM-3 [Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)] is an effective antibacterial agent and exerts global effects on gene expression in E. coli. CORM-3 has been shown also to be an effective antibacterial agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and decreased bacterial counts in the spleen, increasing survival in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice following P. aeruginosa bacteraemia.

Current work focuses on novel light-activated CORMs and ruthenium complexes with potential as antimicrobials.

First evidence for the selective action of a gasotransmitter – hydrogen sulphide – on bacterial respiratory systems.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) impairs mitochondrial respiration by potently inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase. Since many prokaryotes, including Escherichia coli, generate H₂S and encounter high H₂S levels particularly in the human gut, we tested whether bacteria can sustain sulfide-resistant O₂-dependent respiration. E. coli has three respiratory oxidases, the cyanide-sensitive heme-copper bo3 enzyme and two bd oxidases much less sensitive to cyanide.

Working on the isolated enzymes, we found that, whereas the bo3 oxidase is potently inhibited by sulfide, both bd oxidases are insensitive to sulfide up to 58 μM. In E. coli respiratory mutants, both O₂-consumption and aerobic growth proved to be severely impaired by sulfide when respiration was sustained by the bo3 oxidase alone, but unaffected by ≤ 200 μM sulfide when either bd enzyme acted as the only terminal oxidase.

Accordingly, wild-type E. coli showed sulfide-insensitive respiration and growth under O₂-limiting conditions favouring the expression of bd oxidases. Sulfide and cyanide affected bacterial cell respiration equally, causing either no effect or identical inhibition, depending on the tested strain and growth conditions. Thus cytochrome bd oxidases promote sulfide-resistant O₂-consumption and growth in E. coli and possibly other bacteria.

Publications

Journal articles

Betts JW, Cawthraw S, Smyth JA, Poole RK, Roth P, Schatzschneider U & La Ragione RM (2023) The manganese carbonyl complex [Mn(CO)3(tqa-κ3N)]Br: A novel antimicrobial agent with the potential to treat avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infections. Veterinary Microbiology, 284, 109819-109819.
Southam HM, Williamson MP, Chapman JA, Lyon RL, Trevitt CR, Henderson PJF & Poole RK (2021) ‘Carbon-monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2)’ is a misnomer: ruthenium toxicity, not CO release, accounts for Its antimicrobial effects. Antioxidants, 10(6).
Borisov VB, Siletsky SA, Paiardini A, Hoogewijs D, Forte E, Giuffrè A & Poole RK (2021) Bacterial oxidases of the cytochrome bd family : redox enzymes of unique structure, function, and utility as drug targets. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 34(16), 1280-1318.
Hopper CP, De La Cruz LK, Lyles KV, Wareham LK, Gilbert JA, Eichenbaum Z, Magierowski M, Poole RK, Wollborn J & Wang B (2020) Role of carbon monoxide in host–gut microbiome communication. Chemical Reviews, 120(24), 13273-13311. View this article in WRRO
Betts JW, Roth P, Pattrick CA, Southam HM, La Ragione RM, Poole RK & Schatzschneider U (2020) Antibacterial activity of Mn(i) and Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes conjugated to a bile acid carrier molecule. Metallomics, 12(10), 1563-1575.
Raghavendran V, Webb JP, Cartron ML, Springthorpe V, Larson TR, Hines M, Mohammed H, Zimmerman WB, Poole RK & Green J (2020) A microbubble-sparged yeast propagation–fermentation process for bioethanol production. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 13(1). View this article in WRRO
Kalnenieks U, Balodite E, Strähler S, Strazdina I, Rex J, Pentjuss A, Fuchino K, Bruheim P, Rutkis R, Pappas KM , Poole RK et al (2019) Improvement of acetaldehyde production in Zymomonas mobilis by engineering of Its aerobic metabolism. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10. View this article in WRRO
Poole RK, Cozens AG & Shepherd M (2019) The CydDC family of transporters. Research in Microbiology, 170(8), 407-416.
Smitten KL, Southam HM, de la Serna JB, Gill MR, Jarman PJ, Smythe CGW, Poole RK & Thomas JA (2019) Using Nanoscopy To Probe the Biological Activity of Antimicrobial Leads That Display Potent Activity against Pathogenic, Multidrug Resistant, Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS Nano, 13(5), 5133-5146. View this article in WRRO
Lloyd D, Murray DB, Aon MA, Cortassa S, Roussel MR, Beckmann M & Poole RK (2019) Temporal metabolic partitioning of the yeast and protist cellular networks: the cell is a global scale-invariant (fractal or self-similar) multioscillator. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 24(05). View this article in WRRO
Wareham LK, Southam HM & Poole RK (2018) Do nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide really qualify as 'gasotransmitters' in bacteria?. Biochemical Society transactions. View this article in WRRO
Southam HM, Smith TW, Lyon RL, Liao C, Trevitt CR, Middlemiss LA, Cox FL, Chapman JA, El-Khamisy SF, Hippler M , Williamson MP et al (2018) A thiol-reactive Ru(II) ion, not CO release, underlies the potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of CO-releasing molecule-3. Redox Biology, 18, 114-123. View this article in WRRO
Liu X, Sun B, Kell REM, Southam HM, Butler JA, Li X, Poole RK, Keene FR & Collins JG (2018) The Antimicrobial Activity of Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing the dppz Ligand. ChemPlusChem, 83(7), 643-650. View this article in WRRO
Sun B, Southam HM, Butler JA, Poole RK, Burgun A, Tarzia A, Keene FR & Collins JG (2018) Synthesis, isomerisation and biological properties of mononuclear ruthenium complexes containing the bis[4(4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)]-1,7-heptane ligand. Dalton Transactions, 47(7), 2422-2434. View this article in WRRO
Coppola D, Giordano D, Milazzo L, Howes BD, Ascenzi P, di Prisco G, Smulevich G, Poole RK & Verde C (2018) Coexistence of multiple globin genes conferring protection against nitrosative stress to the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Nitric Oxide, 73, 39-51. View this article in WRRO
Guccione EJ, Kendall JJ, Hitchcock A, Garg N, White MA, Mulholland F, Poole RK & Kelly DJ (2017) Transcriptome and proteome dynamics in chemostat culture reveal how Campylobacter jejuni modulates metabolism, stress responses and virulence factors upon changes in oxygen availability. Environmental Microbiology, 19(10), 4326-4348. View this article in WRRO
Rana N, Jesse HE, Tinajero-Trejo M, Butler JA, Tarlit JD, von Und Zur Muhlen ML, Nagel C, Schatzschneider U & Poole RK (2017) A manganese photosensitive tricarbonyl molecule [Mn(CO)3(tpa-κ(3)N)]Br enhances antibiotic efficacy in a multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli.. Microbiology. View this article in WRRO
Wareham LK, McLean S, Begg R, Rana N, Ali S, Kendall JJ, Sanguinetti G, Mann BE & Poole RK (2017) The Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potential of [Mn(CO)4(S2CNMe(CH2CO2H))], a Water-Soluble CO-Releasing Molecule (CORM-401): Intracellular Accumulation, Transcriptomic and Statistical Analyses, and Membrane Polarization. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. View this article in WRRO
Corbett D, Goldrick M, Fernandes VE, Davidge K, Poole RK, Andrew PW, Cavet J & Roberts IS (2017) Listeria monocytogenes Has Both Cytochrome bd-Type and Cytochrome aa3-Type Terminal Oxidases, Which Allow Growth at Different Oxygen Levels, and Both Are Important in Infection. Infection and Immunity, 85(11). View this article in WRRO
Southam HM, Butler JA, Chapman JA & Poole RK (2017) The Microbiology of Ruthenium Complexes. Advances in Microbial Physiology.
Poole RK (2017) Preface. Advances in microbial physiology, 70, XI-XII.
Shepherd M, Achard MES, Idris A, Totsika M, Phan M-D, Peters KM, Sarkar S, Ribeiro CA, Holyoake LV, Ladakis D , Ulett GC et al (2016) The cytochrome bd-I respiratory oxidase augments survival of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli during infection. Scientific Reports, 6, 35285-35285. View this article in WRRO
Forte E, Borisov VB, Falabella M, Colaço HG, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK, Vicente JB, Sarti P & Giuffrè A (2016) Sulfide-resistant O 2 respiration: A new role for bacterial bd -type terminal oxidases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1857, e13-e14.
Forte E, Borisov VB, Falabella M, Colaço HG, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK, Vicente JB, Sarti P & Giuffrè A (2016) Sulfide-resistant O 2 respiration: A new role for bacterial bd -type terminal oxidases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1857, e85-e86.
Wareham LK, Begg R, Jesse HE, Van Beilen JWA, Ali S, Svistunenko D, McLean S, Hellingwerf KJ, Sanguinetti G & Poole RK (2016) Carbon Monoxide Gas Is Not Inert, but Global, in Its Consequences for Bacterial Gene Expression, Iron Acquisition, and Antibiotic Resistance. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 24(17), 1013-1028. View this article in WRRO
Wang J, Vine CE, Balasiny BK, Rizk J, Bradley CL, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK, Bergaust LL, Bakken LR & Cole JA (2016) The roles of the hybrid cluster protein, Hcp and its reductase, Hcr, in high affinity nitric oxide reduction that protects anaerobic cultures of Escherichia coli against nitrosative stress. Molecular Microbiology, 100(5), 877-892.
Tinajero-Trejo M, Rana N, Nagel C, Jesse HE, Smith TW, Wareham LK, Hippler M, Schatzschneider U & Poole RK (2016) Antimicrobial Activity of the Manganese Photoactivated Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule [Mn(CO) 3 (tpa-κ 3 N )] + Against a Pathogenic Escherichia coli that Causes Urinary Infections. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 24(14), 765-780. View this article in WRRO
Siletsky SA, Rappaport F, Poole RK & Borisov VB (2016) Evidence for Fast Electron Transfer between the High-Spin Haems in Cytochrome bd-I from Escherichia coli. PLOS ONE, 11(5), e0155186-e0155186. View this article in WRRO
Cook GM & Poole RK (2016) A bacterial oxidase like no other?. Science, 352(6285), 518-519. View this article in WRRO
Forte E, Borisov VB, Falabella M, Colaço HG, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK, Vicente JB, Sarti P & Giuffrè A (2016) The Terminal Oxidase Cytochrome bd Promotes Sulfide-resistant Bacterial Respiration and Growth. Scientific Reports, 6. View this article in WRRO
Holyoake LV, Hunt S, Sanguinetti G, Cook GM, Howard MJ, Rowe ML, Poole RK & Shepherd M (2016) CydDC-mediated reductant export in Escherichia coli controls the transcriptional wiring of energy metabolism and combats nitrosative stress. Biochemical Journal, 473(6), 693-701. View this article in WRRO
Wilson JL, McLean S, Begg R, Sanguinetti G & Poole RK (2015) Analysis of transcript changes in a heme-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli in response to CORM-3 [Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)]. Genomics Data, 5, 231-234.
Wareham LK, Poole RK & Tinajero-Trejo M (2015) CO-releasing Metal Carbonyl Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents in the Post-antibiotic Era. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 290(31), 18999-19007. View this article in WRRO
Denby KJ, Rolfe MD, Crick E, Sanguinetti G, Poole RK & Green J (2015) Adaptation of anaerobic cultures of Escherichia coliK-12 in response to environmental trimethylamine-N-oxide. Environmental Microbiology, 17(7), 2477-2491. View this article in WRRO
Wilson JL, Wareham LK, McLean S, Begg R, Greaves S, Mann BE, Sanguinetti G & Poole RK (2015) CO-Releasing Molecules Have Nonheme Targets in Bacteria: Transcriptomic, Mathematical Modeling and Biochemical Analyses of CORM-3 [Ru(CO) 3 Cl(glycinate)] Actions on a Heme-Deficient Mutant of Escherichia coli. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 23(2), 148-162. View this article in WRRO
Holyoake LV, Poole RK & Shepherd M (2015) The CydDC Family of Transporters and Their Roles in Oxidase Assembly and Homeostasis, 1-53.
Tinajero-Trejo M, Denby KJ, Sedelnikova SE, Hassoubah SA, Mann BE & Poole RK (2014) Carbon Monoxide-releasing Molecule-3 (CORM-3; Ru(CO)3Cl(Glycinate)) as a Tool to Study the Concerted Effects of Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide on Bacterial Flavohemoglobin Hmp. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(43), 29471-29482.
Yamashita M, Shepherd M, Booth WI, Xie H, Postis V, Nyathi Y, Tzokov SB, Poole RK, Baldwin SA & Bullough PA (2014) Structure and function of the bacterial heterodimeric ABC transporter CydDC: stimulation of ATPase activity by thiol and heme compounds.. J Biol Chem, 289(33), 23177-23188. View this article in WRRO
Rana N, McLean S, Mann BE & Poole RK (2014) Interaction of the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate) (CORM-3) with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: in situ measurements of carbon monoxide binding by integrating cavity dual-beam spectrophotometry. Microbiology, 160(12), 2771-2779.
Borisov VB, Siletsky SA, Zaspa AA & Poole RK (2014) Fast electron transfer between hemes and binding of internal ligand to heme d upon photodissociation of CO from cytochrome bd oxidase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1837, e96-e96.
Balodite E, Strazdina I, Galinina N, McLean S, Rutkis R, Poole RK & Kalnenieks U (2014) Structure of the Zymomonas mobilis respiratory chain: oxygen affinity of electron transport and the role of cytochrome c peroxidase.. Microbiology, 160(Pt 9), 2045-2052.
Nagel C, McLean S, Poole RK, Braunschweig H, Kramer T & Schatzschneider U (2014) Introducing [Mn(CO)(3)(tpa-kappa N-3)](+) as a novel photoactivatable CO-releasing molecule with well-defined iCORM intermediates - synthesis, spectroscopy, and antibacterial activity. DALTON TRANSACTIONS, 43(26), 9986-9997.
Ederer M, Steinsiek S, Stagge S, Rolfe MD, Ter Beek A, Knies D, Teixeira de Mattos MJ, Sauter T, Green J, Poole RK , Bettenbrock K et al (2014) A mathematical model of metabolism and regulation provides a systems-level view of how Escherichia coli responds to oxygen.. Front Microbiol, 5, 124. View this article in WRRO
Siletsky SA, Zaspa AA, Poole RK & Borisov VB (2014) Microsecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy used to study CO compounds of cytochrome bd from Escherichia coli.. PLoS One, 9(4), e95617. View this article in WRRO
Bettenbrock K, Bai H, Ederer M, Green J, Hellingwerf KJ, Holcombe M, Kunz S, Rolfe MD, Sanguinetti G, Sawodny O , Sharma P et al (2014) Towards a systems level understanding of the oxygen response of Escherichia coli.. Adv Microb Physiol, 64, 65-114.
Bai H, Rolfe MD, Jia W, Coakley S, Poole RK, Green J & Holcombe M (2014) Agent-based modeling of oxygen-responsive transcription factors in Escherichia coli.. PLoS Comput Biol, 10(4), e1003595. View this article in WRRO
Tinajero-Trejo M, Jesse HE & Poole RK (2013) Gasotransmitters, poisons, and antimicrobials: it's a gas, gas, gas!. F1000Prime Rep, 5, 28. View this article in WRRO
Tinajero-Trejo M, Vreugdenhil A, Sedelnikova SE, Davidge KS & Poole RK (2013) Nitric oxide reactivities of the two globins of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni: roles in protection from nitrosative stress and analysis of potential reductants.. Nitric Oxide, 34, 65-75.
Jesse HE, Nye TL, McLean S, Green J, Mann BE & Poole RK (2013) Cytochrome bd-I in Escherichia coli is less sensitive than cytochromes bd-II or bo'' to inhibition by the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, CORM-3: N-acetylcysteine reduces CO-RM uptake and inhibition of respiration.. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1834(9), 1693-1703. View this article in WRRO
Vinogradov SN, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK & Hoogewijs D (2013) Bacterial and archaeal globins - a revised perspective.. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1834(9), 1789-1800.
McLean S, Begg R, Jesse HE, Mann BE, Sanguinetti G & Poole RK (2013) Analysis of the bacterial response to Ru(CO)3Cl(Glycinate) (CORM-3) and the inactivated compound identifies the role played by the ruthenium compound and reveals sulfur-containing species as a major target of CORM-3 action.. Antioxid Redox Signal, 19(17), 1999-2012.
Coppola D, Giordano D, Tinajero-Trejo M, di Prisco G, Ascenzi P, Poole RK & Verde C (2013) Antarctic bacterial haemoglobin and its role in the protection against nitrogen reactive species.. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1834(9), 1923-1931.
Vinogradov SN, Bailly X, Smith DR, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK & Hoogewijs D (2013) Microbial eukaryote globins, 63, 391-446.
Wilson JL, Jesse HE, Hughes B, Lund V, Naylor K, Davidge KS, Cook GM, Mann BE & Poole RK (2013) Ru(CO)3Cl(Glycinate) (CORM-3): a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule with broad-spectrum antimicrobial and photosensitive activities against respiration and cation transport in Escherichia coli.. Antioxid Redox Signal, 19(5), 497-509. View this article in WRRO
Avila-Ramirez C, Tinajero-Trejo M, Davidge KS, Monk CE, Kelly DJ & Poole RK (2013) Do globins in microaerophilic Campylobacter jejuni confer nitrosative stress tolerance under oxygen limitation?. Antioxid Redox Signal, 18(4), 424-431.
Laver JR, McLean S, Bowman LAH, Harrison LJ, Read RC & Poole RK (2013) Nitrosothiols in bacterial pathogens and pathogenesis.. Antioxid Redox Signal, 18(3), 309-322.
Wilson JL, Jesse HE, Poole RK & Davidge KS (2012) Antibacterial effects of carbon monoxide.. Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 13(6), 760-768.
Rolfe MD, Ocone A, Stapleton MR, Hall S, Trotter EW, Poole RK, Sanguinetti G, Green J & SysMO-SUMO Consortium (2012) Systems analysis of transcription factor activities in environments with stable and dynamic oxygen concentrations.. Open Biol, 2(7), 120091. View this article in WRRO
McLean S, Mann BE & Poole RK (2012) Sulfite species enhance carbon monoxide release from CO-releasing molecules: implications for the deoxymyoglobin assay of activity.. Anal Biochem, 427(1), 36-40.
Strazdina I, Kravale Z, Galinina N, Rutkis R, Poole RK & Kalnenieks U (2012) Electron transport and oxidative stress in Zymomonas mobilis respiratory mutants. Archives of Microbiology, 1-11.
Graham AI, Sanguinetti G, Bramall N, McLeod CW & Poole RK (2012) Dynamics of a starvation-to-surfeit shift: a transcriptomic and modelling analysis of the bacterial response to zinc reveals transient behaviour of the Fur and SoxS regulators.. Microbiology, 158(Pt 1), 284-292.
Trotter EW, Rolfe MD, Hounslow AM, Craven CJ, Williamson MP, Sanguinetti G, Poole RK & Green J (2011) Reprogramming of escherichia coli K-12 metabolism during the initial phase of transition from an anaerobic to a micro-aerobic environment. PLoS ONE, 6(9). View this article in WRRO
Smith H, Mann BE, Motterlini R & Poole RK (2011) The carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, CORM-3 (RU(CO)(3) CL(glycinate)), targets respiration and oxidases in Campylobacter jejuni, generating hydrogen peroxide.. IUBMB Life, 63(5), 363-371.
Rolfe MD, Ter Beek A, Graham AI, Trotter EW, Asif HMS, Sanguinetti G, de Mattos JT, Poole RK & Green J (2011) Transcript profiling and inference of Escherichia coli K-12 ArcA activity across the range of physiologically relevant oxygen concentrations.. J Biol Chem, 286(12), 10147-10154.
Shepherd M, Bernhardt PV & Poole RK (2011) Globin-mediated nitric oxide detoxification in the foodborne pathogenic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni proceeds via a dioxygenase or denitrosylase mechanism. Nitric Oxide - Biology and Chemistry, 25(2), 229-233.
Arroyo Mañez P, Lu C, Boechi L, Martí MA, Shepherd M, Wilson JL, Poole RK, Luque FJ, Yeh SR & Estrin DA (2011) Role of the distal hydrogen-bonding network in regulating oxygen affinity in the truncated hemoglobin III from campylobacter jejuni. Biochemistry, 50(19), 3946-3956.
Bowman LAH, McLean S, Poole RK & Fukuto JM (2011) The diversity of microbial responses to nitric oxide and agents of nitrosative stress close cousins but not identical twins.. Adv Microb Physiol, 59, 135-219.
Smith HK, Shepherd M, Monk C, Green J & Poole RK (2011) The NO-responsive hemoglobins of Campylobacter jejuni: concerted responses of two globins to NO and evidence in vitro for globin regulation by the transcription factor NssR.. Nitric Oxide, 25(2), 234-241.
Thomas MT, Shepherd M, Poole RK, van Vliet AHM, Kelly DJ & Pearson BM (2011) Two respiratory enzyme systems in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 contribute to growth on L-lactate.. Environ Microbiol, 13(1), 48-61.
McLean S, Bowman LAH & Poole RK (2010) Peroxynitrite stress is exacerbated by flavohaemoglobin-derived oxidative stress in Salmonella Typhimurium and is relieved by nitric oxide.. Microbiology, 156(Pt 12), 3556-3565.
McLean S, Bowman LAH, Sanguinetti G, Read RC & Poole RK (2010) Peroxynitrite toxicity in Escherichia coli K12 elicits expression of oxidative stress responses and protein nitration and nitrosylation.. J Biol Chem, 285(27), 20724-20731.
Shepherd M, Barynin V, Lu C, Bernhardt PV, Wu G, Yeh S-R, Egawa T, Sedelnikova SE, Rice DW, Wilson JL & Poole RK (2010) The single-domain globin from the pathogenic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni: novel D-helix conformation, proximal hydrogen bonding that influences ligand binding, and peroxidase-like redox properties.. J Biol Chem, 285(17), 12747-12754.
McLean S, Bowman LAH & Poole RK (2010) KatG from Salmonella typhimurium is a peroxynitritase.. FEBS Lett, 584(8), 1628-1632.
Shepherd M, Sanguinetti G, Cook GM & Poole RK (2010) Compensations for diminished terminal oxidase activity in Escherichia coli: cytochrome bd-II-mediated respiration and glutamate metabolism.. J Biol Chem, 285(24), 18464-18472.
Svensson L, Poljakovic M, Säve S, Gilberthorpe N, Schön T, Strid S, Corker H, Poole RK & Persson K (2010) Role of flavohemoglobin in combating nitrosative stress in uropathogenic Escherichia coli - Implications for urinary tract infection. Microbial Pathogenesis, 49(3), 59-66.
Laver JR, Stevanin TM, Messenger SL, Lunn AD, Lee ME, Moir JWB, Poole RK & Read RC (2010) Bacterial nitric oxide detoxification prevents host cell S-nitrosothiol formation: a novel mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis.. FASEB J, 24(1), 286-295.
Davidge KS, Motterlini R, Mann BE, Wilson JL & Poole RK (2009) Carbon Monoxide in Biology and Microbiology: Surprising Roles for the "Detroit Perfume", 56, 85-167.
Latimer J, Stokes SL, Graham AI, Bunch J, Jackson RJ, McLeod CW & Poole RK (2009) A novel method for exploring elemental composition of microbial communities: laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry of intact bacterial colonies.. J Microbiol Methods, 79(3), 329-335.
Graham AI, Hunt S, Stokes SL, Bramall N, Bunch J, Cox AG, McLeod CW & Poole RK (2009) Severe zinc depletion of Escherichia coli: roles for high affinity zinc binding by ZinT, zinc transport and zinc-independent proteins.. J Biol Chem, 284(27), 18377-18389. View this article in WRRO
Desmard M, Davidge KS, Bouvet O, Morin D, Roux D, Foresti R, Ricard JD, Denamur E, Poole RK, Montravers P , Motterlini R et al (2009) A carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3) exerts bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and improves survival in an animal model of bacteraemia.. FASEB J, 23(4), 1023-1031.
Davidge KS, Sanguinetti G, Yee CH, Cox AG, McLeod CW, Monk CE, Mann BE, Motterlini R & Poole RK (2009) Carbon monoxide-releasing antibacterial molecules target respiration and global transcriptional regulators.. J Biol Chem, 284(7), 4516-4524. View this article in WRRO
Mason MG, Shepherd M, Nicholls P, Dobbin PS, Dodsworth KS, Poole RK & Cooper CE (2009) Cytochrome bd confers nitric oxide resistance to Escherichia coli. NAT CHEM BIOL, 5(2), 94-96.
Desmard M, Davidge K, Bouvet O, Morin D, Roux D, Ricard JD, Foresti R, Denamur E, Poole RK, Montravers P , Motterlini R et al (2009) A Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule (CORM-3) Exerts Bactericidal Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 179.
Jackson RJ, Binet MRB, Lee LJ, Ma R, Graham AI, McLeod CW & Poole RK (2008) Expression of the PitA phosphate/metal transporter of Escherichia coli is responsive to zinc and inorganic phosphate levels.. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 289(2), 219-224.
Monk CE, Pearson BM, Mulholland F, Smith HK & Poole RK (2008) Oxygen- and NssR-dependent globin expression and enhanced iron acquisition in the response of campylobacter to nitrosative stress.. J Biol Chem, 283(42), 28413-28425.
Gilberthorpe NJ & Poole RK (2008) Nitric oxide homeostasis in Salmonella typhimurium: roles of respiratory nitrate reductase and flavohemoglobin.. J Biol Chem, 283(17), 11146-11154.
Partridge JD, Browning DF, Xu M, Newnham LJ, Scott C, Roberts RE, Poole RK & Green J (2008) Characterization of the Escherichia coli K-12 ydhYVWXUT operon: regulation by FNR, NarL and NarP.. Microbiology, 154(Pt 2), 608-618.
Kalnenieks U, Galinina N, Strazdina I, Kravale Z, Pickford JL, Rutkis R & Poole RK (2008) NADH dehydrogenase deficiency results in low respiration rate and improved aerobic growth of Zymomonas mobilis. Microbiology, 154(3), 989-994.
Lu C, Egawa T, Mukai M, Poole RK & Yeh SR (2008) Hemoglobins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Campylobacter jejuni: A Comparative Study with Resonance Raman Spectroscopy, 437, 255-286.
Gruia F, Kubo M, Ye X, Ionascu D, Lu C, Poole RK, Yeh SR & Champion PM (2008) Coherence spectroscopy investigations of the low-frequency vibrations of heme: Effects of protein-specific perturbations. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(15), 5231-5244.
Pullan ST, Monk CE, Lee L & Poole RK (2008) Microbial responses to nitric oxide and nitrosative stress: growth, "omic," and physiological methods.. Methods Enzymol, 437, 499-519.
Pickford JL, Wainwright L, Wu G & Poole RK (2008) Expression and purification of Cgb and Ctb, the NO-inducible globins of the foodborne bacterial pathogen C. jejuni.. Methods Enzymol, 436, 289-302.
Lewis MES, Corker HA, Gollan B & Poole RK (2008) A survey of methods for the purification of microbial flavohemoglobins.. Methods Enzymol, 436, 169-186.
Stevanin TM, Read RC & Poole RK (2007) The hmp gene encoding the NO-inducible flavohaemoglobin in Escherichia coli confers a protective advantage in resisting killing within macrophages, but not in vitro: links with swarming motility.. Gene, 398(1-2), 62-68.
Stevanin TM, Laver JR, Poole RK, Moir JWB & Read RC (2007) Metabolism of nitric oxide by Neisseria meningitidis modifies release of NO-regulated cytokines and chemokines by human macrophages.. Microbes Infect, 9(8), 981-987.
Gilberthorpe NJ, Lee ME, Stevanin TM, Read RC & Poole RK (2007) NsrR: a key regulator circumventing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium oxidative and nitrosative stress in vitro and in IFN-gamma-stimulated J774.2 macrophages.. Microbiology, 153(Pt 6), 1756-1771.
Shepherd M, Heath MD & Poole RK (2007) NikA binds heme: a new role for an Escherichia coli periplasmic nickel-binding protein.. Biochemistry, 46(17), 5030-5037.
Partridge JD, Poole RK & Green J (2007) The Escherichia coli yhjA gene, encoding a predicted cytochrome c peroxidase, is regulated by FNR and OxyR.. Microbiology, 153(Pt 5), 1499-1509.
Partridge JD, Sanguinetti G, Dibden DP, Roberts RE, Poole RK & Green J (2007) Transition of Escherichia coli from aerobic to micro-aerobic conditions involves fast and slow reacting regulatory components.. J Biol Chem, 282(15), 11230-11237.
Pullan ST, Gidley MD, Jones RA, Barrett J, Stevanin TM, Read RC, Green J & Poole RK (2007) Nitric oxide in chemostat-cultured Escherichia coli is sensed by Fnr and other global regulators: unaltered methionine biosynthesis indicates lack of S nitrosation.. J Bacteriol, 189(5), 1845-1855.
Jackson RJ, Elvers KT, Lee LJ, Gidley MD, Wainwright LM, Lightfoot J, Park SF & Poole RK (2007) Oxygen reactivity of both respiratory oxidases in Campylobacter jejuni: the cydAB genes encode a cyanide-resistant, low-affinity oxidase that is not of the cytochrome bd type.. J Bacteriol, 189(5), 1604-1615.
Lu C, Egawa T, Wainwright LM, Poole RK & Yeh SR (2007) Structural and functional properties of a truncated hemoglobin from a food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(18), 13627-13636.
Hernández-Urzúa E, Zamorano-Sánchez DS, Ponce-Coria J, Morett E, Grogan S, Poole RK & Membrillo-Hernández J (2007) Multiple regulators of the Flavohaemoglobin (hmp) gene of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium include RamA, a transcriptional regulator conferring the multidrug resistance phenotype. Archives of Microbiology, 187(1), 67-77.
Lu C, Mukai M, Lin Y, Wu G, Poole RK & Yeh SR (2007) Structural and functional properties of a single domain hemoglobin from the food-borne pathogen Campylobactor jejuni. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(35), 25917-25928.
Pittman MS, Elvers KT, Lee L, Jones MA, Poole RK, Park SF & Kelly DJ (2007) Growth of Campylobacter jejuni on nitrate and nitrite: electron transport to NapA and NrfA via NrfH and distinct roles for NrfA and the globin Cgb in protection against nitrosative stress.. Mol Microbiol, 63(2), 575-590.
Partridge JD, Scott C, Tang Y, Poole RK & Green J (2006) Escherichia coli transcriptome dynamics during the transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.. J Biol Chem, 281(38), 27806-27815.
Wainwright LM, Wang Y, Park SF, Yeh S-R & Poole RK (2006) Purification and spectroscopic characterization of Ctb, a group III truncated hemoglobin implicated in oxygen metabolism in the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.. Biochemistry, 45(19), 6003-6011.
Kalnenieks U, Galinina N, Toma MM, Pickford JL, Rutkis R & Poole RK (2006) Respiratory behaviour of a Zymomonas mobilis adhB::kan^r mutant supports the hypothesis of two alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes catalysing opposite reactions. FEBS Letters, 580(21), 5084-5088.
Wainwright LM, Elvers KT, Park SF & Poole RK (2005) A truncated haemoglobin implicated in oxygen metabolism by the microaerophilic food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.. Microbiology, 151(Pt 12), 4079-4091.
Pittman MS, Robinson HC & Poole RK (2005) A bacterial glutathione transporter (Escherichia coli CydDC) exports reductant to the periplasm.. J Biol Chem, 280(37), 32254-32261.
Flatley J, Barrett J, Pullan ST, Hughes MN, Green J & Poole RK (2005) Transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli to S-nitrosoglutathione under defined chemostat conditions reveal major changes in methionine biosynthesis.. J Biol Chem, 280(11), 10065-10072.
Lee LJ, Barrett JA & Poole RK (2005) Genome-wide transcriptional response of chemostat-cultured Escherichia coli to zinc.. J Bacteriol, 187(3), 1124-1134.
Poole RK (2005) Nitric oxide and nitrosative stress tolerance in bacteria.. Biochem Soc Trans, 33(Pt 1), 176-180.
Elvers KT, Turner SM, Wainwright LM, Marsden G, Hinds J, Cole JA, Poole RK, Penn CW & Park SF (2005) NssR, a member of the Crp-Fnr superfamily from Campylobacter jejuni, regulates a nitrosative stress-responsive regulon that includes both a single-domain and a truncated haemoglobin. Molecular Microbiology, 57(3), 735-750.
Boccara M, Mills CE, Zeier J, Anzi C, Lamb C, Poole RK & Delledonne M (2005) Flavohaemoglobin HmpX from Erwinia chrysanthemi confers nitrosative stress tolerance and affects the plant hypersensitive reaction by intercepting nitric oxide produced by the host. Plant Journal, 43(2), 226-237.
Wu G, Corker H, Orii Y & Poole RK (2004) Escherichia coli Hmp, an "oxygen-binding flavohaemoprotein", produces superoxide anion and self-destructs.. Arch Microbiol, 182(2-3), 193-203.
Cruz-Ramos H, Cook GM, Wu G, Cleeter MW & Poole RK (2004) Membrane topology and mutational analysis of Escherichia coli CydDC, an ABC-type cysteine exporter required for cytochrome assembly.. Microbiology, 150(Pt 10), 3415-3427.
Forte E, Borisov VB, Konstantinov AA, Poole RK, Sarti P & Giuffre A (2004) The bacterial terminal cytochrome bd oxidase and nitric oxide. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 139(1), 145-146.
Ma R, McLeod CW, Tomlinson K & Poole RK (2004) Speciation of protein-bound trace elements by gel electrophoresis and atomic spectrometry.. Electrophoresis, 25(15), 2469-2477.
Borisov VB, Forte E, Konstantinov AA, Poole RK, Sarti P & Giuffrè A (2004) Interaction of the bacterial terminal oxidase cytochrome bd with nitric oxide. FEBS Letters, 576(1-2), 201-204.
Elvers KT, Wu G, Gilberthorpe NJ, Poole RK & Park SF (2004) Role of an inducible single-domain hemoglobin in mediating resistance to nitric oxide and nitrosative stress in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Journal of Bacteriology, 186(16), 5332-5341.
Corker H & Poole RK (2003) Nitric oxide formation by Escherichia coli. Dependence on nitrite reductase, the NO-sensing regulator Fnr, and flavohemoglobin Hmp.. J Biol Chem, 278(34), 31584-31592.
McHugh JP, Rodriguez-Quinones F, Abdul-Tehrani H, Svistunenko DA, Poole RK, Cooper CE & Andrews SC (2003) Global iron-dependent gene regulation in Escherichia coli - A new mechanism for iron homeostasis. J BIOL CHEM, 278(32), 29478-29486.
Binet MRB, Ma R, McLeod CW & Poole RK (2003) Detection and characterization of zinc- and cadmium-binding proteins in Escherichia coli by gel electrophoresis and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.. Anal Biochem, 318(1), 30-38.
Savvaidis I, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2003) Copper biosorption by Pseudomonas cepacia and other strains. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19(2), 117-121.
Hernández-Urzúa E, Mills CE, White GP, Contreras-Zentella ML, Escamilla E, Vasudevan SG, Membrillo-Hernández J & Poole RK (2003) Flavohemoglobin Hmp, but not its individual domains, confers protection from respiratory inhibition by nitric oxide in Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(37), 34975-34982.
Kalnenieks U, Toma MM, Galinina N & Poole RK (2003) The paradoxical cyanide-stimulated respiration of Zymomonas mobilis: Cyanide sensitivity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH II). Microbiology, 149(7), 1739-1744.
Savvaidis I, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2003) Differential pulse polarography: A method for the direct study of biosorption of metal ions by live bacteria from mixed metal solutions. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 84(2), 99-107.
Wu G, Wainwright LM & Poole RK (2003) Microbial globins.. Adv Microb Physiol, 47, 255-310.
Pittman MS, Corker H, Wu G, Binet MB, Moir AJG & Poole RK (2002) Cysteine is exported from the Escherichia coli cytoplasm by CydDC, an ATP-binding cassette-type transporter required for cytochrome assembly.. J Biol Chem, 277(51), 49841-49849.
Cook GM, Cruz-Ramos H, Moir AJG & Poole RK (2002) A novel haem compound accumulated in Escherichia coli overexpressing the cydDC operon, encoding an ABC-type transporter required for cytochrome assembly.. Arch Microbiol, 178(5), 358-369.
Stevanin TM, Poole RK, Demoncheaux EAG & Read RC (2002) Flavohemoglobin Hmp protects Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from nitric oxide-related killing by human macrophages.. Infect Immun, 70(8), 4399-4405.
Binet MRB, Cruz-Ramos H, Laver J, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2002) Nitric oxide releases intracellular zinc from prokaryotic metallothionein in Escherichia coli.. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 213(1), 121-126.
Cruz-Ramos H, Crack J, Wu G, Hughes MN, Scott C, Thomson AJ, Green J & Poole RK (2002) NO sensing by FNR: regulation of the Escherichia coli NO-detoxifying flavohaemoglobin, Hmp.. EMBO J, 21(13), 3235-3244.
Yeh SR, Mukai M, Savard PY, Ouellet Y, Guertin M, Mills CE & Poole RK (2001) Structure and function relationships in bacterial hemoglobins. JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY, 86(1), 487-487.
Borisov VB, Sedelnikova SE, Poole RK & Konstantinov AA (2001) Interaction of cytochrome bd with carbon monoxide at low and room temperatures: evidence that only a small fraction of heme b595 reacts with CO.. J Biol Chem, 276(25), 22095-22099.
Cross R, Lloyd D, Poole RK & Moir JW (2001) Enzymatic removal of nitric oxide catalyzed by cytochrome c' in Rhodobacter capsulatus.. J Bacteriol, 183(10), 3050-3054.
del Arenal IP, Flores AG, Poole RK & Escamilla JE (2001) Taenia crassiceps metacestodes have cytochrome oxidase aa(3) but not cytochrome o functioning as terminal oxidase. MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY, 114(1), 103-109.
Rogers NJ, Carson KC, Glenn AR, Dilworth MJ, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2001) Alleviation of aluminum toxicity to Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae by the hydroxamate siderophore vicibactin. BIOMETALS, 14(1), 59-66.
MILLS CE, SEDELNIKOVA S, SØBALLE B, HUGHES MN & POOLE RK (2001) Escherichia coli flavohaemoglobin (Hmp) with equistoichiometric FAD and haem contents has a low affinity for dioxygen in the absence or presence of nitric oxide. Biochemical Journal, 353(2), 207-213.
Mills CE, Sedelnikova S, Søballe B, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2001) Escherichia coli flavohaemoglobin (Hmp) with equistoichiometric FAD and haem contents has a low affinity for dioxygen in the absence or presence of nitric oxide.. Biochem J, 353(Pt 2), 207-213.
Wu G, Moir AJ, Sawers G, Hill S & Poole RK (2001) Biosynthesis of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is controlled by CydR (Fnr) in the obligate aerobe Azotobacter vinelandii.. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 194(2), 215-220.
Wu G, Moir AJG, Sawers G, Hill S & Poole RK (2001) Biosynthesis of poly-Î²-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is controlled by CydR (Fnr) in the obligate aerobeAzotobacter vinelandii. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 194(2), 215-220.
Mukai M, Mills CE, Poole RK & Yeh SR (2001) Resonance Raman studies of the catalytic site of flavohemoglobin. BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 80(1), 290A-290A.
Mukai M, Mills CE, Poole RK & Yeh SR (2001) Flavohemoglobin, a Globin with a Peroxidase-like Catalytic Site. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(10), 7272-7277.
Stevanin TM, Ioannidis N, Mills CE, Kim SO, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2000) Flavohemoglobin Hmp affords inducible protection for Escherichia coli respiration, catalyzed by cytochromes bo' or bd, from nitric oxide.. J Biol Chem, 275(46), 35868-35875.
Binet MR & Poole RK (2000) Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions regulate expression of the metal-transporting P-type ATPase ZntA in Escherichia coli.. FEBS Lett, 473(1), 67-70.
Poole RK & Hughes MN (2000) New functions for the ancient globin family: bacterial responses to nitric oxide and nitrosative stress.. Mol Microbiol, 36(4), 775-783.
Søballe B & Poole RK (2000) Ubiquinone limits oxidative stress in Escherichia coli.. Microbiology, 146 ( Pt 4), 787-796.
Edwards SE, Loder CS, Wu G, Corker H, Bainbridge BW, Hill S & Poole RK (2000) Mutation of cytochrome bd quinol oxidase results in reduced stationary phase survival, iron deprivation, metal toxicity and oxidative stress in Azotobacter vinelandii.. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 185(1), 71-77.
Cross R, Aish J, Paston SJ, Poole RK & Moir JW (2000) Cytochrome c' from Rhodobacter capsulatus confers increased resistance to nitric oxide.. J Bacteriol, 182(5), 1442-1447.
Wu G, Cruz-Ramos H, Hill S, Green J, Sawers G & Poole RK (2000) Regulation of cytochrome bd expression in the obligate aerobe Azotobacter vinelandii by CydR (Fnr). Sensitivity to oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide.. J Biol Chem, 275(7), 4679-4686.
Cook GM & Poole RK (2000) Oxidase and periplasmic cytochrome assembly in Escherichia coli K-12: CydDC and CcmAB are not required for haem-membrane association.. Microbiology, 146 ( Pt 2), 527-536.
Beard SJ, Hashim R, Wu G, Binet MRB, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2000) Evidence for the transport of zinc(II) ions via the Pit inorganic phosphate transport system in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 184(2), 231-235.
Lindqvist A, Membrillo-Hernández J, Poole RK & Cook GM (2000) Roles of respiratory oxidases in protecting Escherichia coli K12 from oxidative stress. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 78(1), 23-31.
Kalnenieks U, Galinina N, Toma MM & Poole RK (2000) Cyanide inhibits respiration yet stimulates aerobic growth of Zymomonas mobilis. Microbiology, 146(6), 1259-1266.
Poole RK & Cook GM (2000) Redundancy of aerobic respiratory chains in bacteria? Routes, reasons and regulation.. Adv Microb Physiol, 43, 165-224.
Søballe B & Poole RK (1999) Microbial ubiquinones: multiple roles in respiration, gene regulation and oxidative stress management.. Microbiology, 145 ( Pt 8), 1817-1830.
Kim SO, Orii Y, Lloyd D, Hughes MN & Poole RK (1999) Anoxic function for the Escherichia coli flavohaemoglobin (Hmp): reversible binding of nitric oxide and reduction to nitrous oxide.. FEBS Lett, 445(2-3), 389-394.
Membrillo-Hernández J, Coopamah MD, Anjum MF, Stevanin TM, Kelly A, Hughes MN & Poole RK (1999) The flavohemoglobin of Escherichia coli confers resistance to a nitrosating agent, a "Nitric oxide Releaser," and paraquat and is essential for transcriptional responses to oxidative stress.. J Biol Chem, 274(2), 748-754.
Contreras ML, Escamilla JE, Del Arenal IP, Dávila JR, D'mello R & Poole RK (1999) An unusual cytochrome o'-type cytochrome c oxidase in a Bacillus cereus cytochrome a3 mutant has a very high affinity for oxygen. Microbiology, 145(7), 1563-1573.
Poole RK (1999) Bacterial response to pH. Introduction.. Novartis Found Symp, 221, 1-3.
Clements MO, Watson SP, Poole RK & Foster SJ (1999) CtaA of Staphylococcus aureus is required for starvation survival, recovery, and cytochrome biosynthesis.. J Bacteriol, 181(2), 501-507.
Cook GM, Loder C, Søballe B, Stafford GP, Membrillo-Hernández J & Poole RK (1998) A factor produced by Escherichia coli K-12 inhibits the growth of E. coli mutants defective in the cytochrome bd quinol oxidase complex: enterochelin rediscovered.. Microbiology, 144 ( Pt 12), 3297-3308.
Anjum MF, Ioannidis N & Poole RK (1998) Response of the NAD(P)H-oxidising flavohaemoglobin (Hmp) to prolonged oxidative stress and implications for its physiological role in Escherichia coli.. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 166(2), 219-223.
Membrillo-Hernández J, Coopamah MD, Channa A, Hughes MN & Poole RK (1998) A novel mechanism for upregulation of the Escherichia coli K-12 hmp (flavohaemoglobin) gene by the 'NO releaser', S-nitrosoglutathione: nitrosation of homocysteine and modulation of MetR binding to the glyA-hmp intergenic region.. Mol Microbiol, 29(4), 1101-1112.
Eaves D, Grove J, Staudenmann W, James P, Poole R, White S, Griffiths L & Cole J (1998) The nrfEFG gene products are required for the activity of the cytochrome c552 nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli. Biochemical Society Transactions, 26(3), S216-S216.
Søballe B & Poole RK (1998) Requirement for ubiquinone downstream of cytochrome(s) b in the oxygen-terminated respiratory chains of Escherichia coli K-12 revealed using a null mutant allele of ubiCA. Microbiology, 144(2), 361-373.
Macinga DR, Cook GM, Poole RK & Rather PN (1998) Identification and characterization of aarF, a locus required for production of ubiquinone in Providencia stuartii and Escherichia coli and for expression of 2'-N-acetyltransferase in P. stuartii. Journal of Bacteriology, 180(1), 128-135.
Kavanagh EP, Callis JB, Edwards SE, Poole RK & Hill S (1998) Redox poise and oxygenation of cytochrome bd in the diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii assessed in vivo using diode-array reflectance spectrophotometry. Microbiology, 144(8), 2271-2280.
Eaves DJ, Grove J, Staudenmann W, James P, Poole RK, White SA, Griffiths I & Cole JA (1998) Involvement of products of the nrfEFG genes in the covalent attachment of haem c to a novel cysteine-lysine motif in the cytochrome c552 nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli. Molecular Microbiology, 28(1), 205-216.
Kalnenieks U, Galinina N, Bringer-Meyer S & Poole RK (1998) Membrane D-lactate oxidase in Zymomonas mobilis: Evidence for a branched respiratory chain. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 168(1), 91-97.
MACHEROUX P, HILL S, AUSTIN S, EYDMANN T, JONES T, KIM S-O, POOLE R & DIXON R (1998) Electron donation to the flavoprotein NifL, a redox-sensing transcriptional regulator. Biochemical Journal, 332(2), 413-419.
Membrillo-Hernández J & Poole RK (1997) Bacterial flavohaemoglobins: a consensus sequence and identification of a discrete enterobacterial group and of further bacterial globins.. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 155(2), 179-184.
Cook GM, Membrillo-Hernández J & Poole RK (1997) Transcriptional regulation of the cydDC operon, encoding a heterodimeric ABC transporter required for assembly of cytochromes c and bd in Escherichia coli K-12: regulation by oxygen and alternative electron acceptors.. J Bacteriol, 179(20), 6525-6530.
Søballe B & Poole RK (1997) Aerobic and anaerobic regulation of the ubiCA operon, encoding enzymes for the first two committed steps of ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.. FEBS Lett, 414(2), 373-376.
Wu G, Hill S, Kelly MJ, Sawers G & Poole RK (1997) The cydR gene product, required for regulation of cytochrome bd expression in the obligate aerobe Azotobacter vinelandii, is an Fnr-like protein.. Microbiology, 143 ( Pt 7), 2197-2207.
Poole RK & Hill S (1997) Respiratory protection of nitrogenase activity in Azotobacter vinelandii--roles of the terminal oxidases.. Biosci Rep, 17(3), 303-317.
Membrillo-Hernandez J, Cook GM & Poole RK (1997) Roles of RpoS (sigmaS), IHF and ppGpp in the expression of the hmp gene encoding the flavohemoglobin (Hmp) of Escherichia coli K-12.. Mol Gen Genet, 254(5), 599-603.
Poole RK, Rogers NJ, D'mello RA, Hughes MN & Orii Y (1997) Escherichia coli flavohaemoglobin (Hmp) reduces cytochrome c and Fe(III)-hydroxamate K by electron transfer from NADH via FAD: sensitivity of oxidoreductase activity to haem-bound dioxygen.. Microbiology, 143 ( Pt 5), 1557-1565.
Membrillo-Hernández J, Kim SO, Cook GM & Poole RK (1997) Paraquat regulation of hmp (flavohemoglobin) gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12 is SoxRS independent but modulated by sigma S.. J Bacteriol, 179(10), 3164-3170.
Beard SJ, Hashim R, Membrillo-Hernández J, Hughes MN & Poole RK (1997) Zinc(II) tolerance in Escherichia coli K-12: Evidence that the zntA gene (o732) encodes a cation transport ATPase. Molecular Microbiology, 25(5), 883-891.
D'Mello R, Purchase D, Poole RK & Hill S (1997) Expression and content of terminal oxidases in Azotobacter vinelandii grown with excess NH4⁺ are modulated by O2 supply. Microbiology, 143(1), 231-237.
Beveridge TJ, Hughes MN, Lee H, Leung KT, Poole RK, Savvaidis I, Silver S & Trevors JT (1997) Metal-microbe interactions: Contemporary approaches. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 38, 231-243.
Beveridge TJ, Hughes MN, Lee H, Leung KT, Poole RK, Savvaidis I, Silver S & Trevors JT (1997) Metal-microbe interactions: Contemporary approaches. ADV MICROB PHYSIOL, 38, 177-243.
Wu G, Delgado MJ, Vargas C, Davies AE, Poole RK & Downie JA (1996) The cytochrome bc1 complex but not CycM is necessary for symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium leguminosarum. Microbiology, 142(12), 3381-3388.
Poole RK, Anjum MF, Membrillo-Hernández J, Kim SO, Hughes MN & Stewart V (1996) Nitric oxide, nitrite, and Fnr regulation of hmp (flavohemoglobin) gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Journal of Bacteriology, 178(18), 5487-5492.
Downs DM & Poole RK () Interpreting the role of antioxidants in vivo: A cautionary tale. Molecular Microbiology.
Shepherd M, Giordano D, Verde C & Poole RK () The Evolution of Nitric Oxide Function: From Reactivity in the Prebiotic Earth to Examples of Biological Roles and Therapeutic Applications. Antioxidants, 11(7), 1222-1222.
Lyon RF, Southam HM, Trevitt C, Liao C, El-Khamisy S, Poole RK & Williamson MP () CORM-3 induces DNA damage through Ru(II) binding to DNA. Biochemical Journal.
Poole RK () Flavohaemoglobin: the pre-eminent nitric oxide–detoxifying machine of microorganisms. F1000Research, 9, 7-7.
Sun B, Sundaraneedi MK, Southam HM, Poole RK, Musgrave IF, Keene FR & Collins JG () Synthesis and biological properties of tetranuclear ruthenium complexes containing the bis[4(4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)]-1,7-heptane ligand. Dalton Transactions, 48(38), 14505-14515.
Güntzel P, Nagel C, Weigelt J, Betts JW, Pattrick CA, Southam HM, La Ragione RM, Poole RK & Schatzschneider U () Biological activity of manganese(i) tricarbonyl complexes on multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: From functional studies to in vivo activity in Galleria mellonella. Metallomics, 11(12), 2033-2042.
Betts J, Nagel C, Schatzschneider U, Poole R & La Ragione RM () Antimicrobial activity of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule [Mn(CO)3(tpa-κ3N)]Br versus multidrug-resistant isolates of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and its synergy with colistin. PLOS ONE, 12(10), e0186359-e0186359.
Boron I, Bustamante JP, Davidge KS, Singh S, Bowman LAH, Tinajero-Trejo M, Carballal S, Radi R, Poole RK, Dikshit K , Estrin DA et al () Ligand uptake in Mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobins is controlled by both internal tunnels and active site water molecules. F1000Research, 4, 22-22.
Poole RK () Oxygen-binding and sensing proteins. F1000Research, 4, 5-5.
Boron I, Bustamante JP, Davidge KS, Singh S, Bowman LAH, Tinajero-Trejo M, Carballal S, Radi R, Poole RK, Dikshit K , Estrin DA et al () Ligand uptake in Mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobins is controlled by both internal tunnels and active site water molecules. F1000Research, 4, 22-22.
Holcombe M, Adra S, Bicak M, Chin S, Coakley S, Graham AI, Green J, Greenough C, Jackson D, Kiran M , MacNeil S et al () Modelling complex biological systems using an agent-based approach. Integr. Biol., 4(1), 53-64.

Chapters

Poole RK & Kelly DJ (2024) Preface, Advances in Microbial Physiology (pp. xiii-xiii). Elsevier
Poole RK & Kelly DJ (2024) Preface, Advances in Microbial Physiology (pp. xi-xi). Elsevier
Poole RK & Kelly DJ (2023) Preface, Advances in Microbial Physiology (pp. xiii-xiii). Elsevier
Poole RK & Kelly DJ (2023) Preface (pp. xiii). Elsevier
Poole RK & Kelly DJ (2021) Advances in Microbial Physiology Preface, ADVANCES IN MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 78 (pp. XI-XI).
Poole RK (2019) Advances in Microbial Physiology PREFACE, ADVANCES IN MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 74 (pp. XIII-XIII).
Poole RK & Shepherd M (2018) Bacterial Globins, Encyclopedia of Biophysics (pp. 1-6). Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Shepherd M & Poole RK (2018) Bacterial Respiratory Chains, Encyclopedia of Biophysics (pp. 1-7). Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Poole RK (2016) Preface, Advances in Bacterial Electron Transport Systems and Their Regulation (pp. xiii-xiii). Elsevier
Poole RK & Shepherd M (2013) Bacterial Globins, Encyclopedia of Biophysics (pp. 156-160). Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Shepherd M & Poole RK (2013) Bacterial Respiratory Chains, Encyclopedia of Biophysics (pp. 172-177). Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Poole RK (2008) Preface, Methods in Enzymology (pp. xxiii-xxiv). Elsevier
Poole RK (2008) Preface, Globins and Other Nitric Oxide-Reactive Proteins, Part B (pp. xxvii-xxviii). Elsevier
Poole RK (2008) Microbial Haemoglobins: Proteins at the Crossroads of Oxygen and Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Dioxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins (pp. 241-257). Springer Milan
Dixon R, Austin S, Eydmann T, Hill S, Kim S-O, Macheroux P, Poole R, Reyes F, Sobzcyk A & Soderback E (1998) Regulation of nif Gene Expression in Free Living Diazotrophs: Recent Advances, Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century (pp. 87-92). Springer Netherlands
Poole RK () Summary, Novartis Foundation Symposium 221 - Bacterial Responses to pH (pp. 251-255). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kelly DJ, Hughes NJ & Poole RK () Microaerobic Physiology: Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, and Carbon Dioxide Metabolism, Helicobacter pylori (pp. 111-124). ASM Press

Conference proceedings papers

Forte E, Borisov VB, Falabella M, Colaço HG, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK, Vicente JB, Sarti P & Giuffrè A (2018) Cytochrome bd and bacterial respiration in sulfide rich environments. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 120 (pp S163-S164)
Forte E, Borisov VB, Falabella M, Colaço HG, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK, Vicente JB, Sarti P & Giuffrè A (2016) Cytochrome bd oxidase sustains sulfide-resistant bacterial respiration and growth. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 96 (pp S43-S44)
Tinajero-Trejo M & Poole R (2012) Heterologous expression of the Campylobacter jejuni globins: Roles of CGB and CTB in the nitrosative stress resistance in Escherichia coli. Nitric Oxide, Vol. 27 (pp S44-S45)
Poole RK, Trejo MT, Ramirez CA, Bowman L, Davidge K, Denby K & McLean S (2012) Bacterial haemoglobins and nitric oxide: Diversity and redundancy?. NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 27 (pp S10-S10)
Smith HK, Shepherd M & Poole RK (2010) The nitric oxide-responsive haemoglobins of Campylobacter jejuni. NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 22 (pp S78-S78)
Poole RK (2010) Haemoglobin-mediated NO detoxification and S-nitrosothiol depletion by pathogenic bacteria. NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 22 (pp S22-S22)
Poole RK, Lewis M, Theen SP, Hughes B & Scholes J (2010) NO-detoxifying flavohaemoglobins of the fungal pathogens Magnaporthe grisea and Botrytis cinerea. NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 22 (pp S77-S77)
Bowman LAH, McLean S & Poole RK (2010) The transcriptional response of Escherichia coli to peroxynitrite uncovers an enzyme with peroxynitrase activity. NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 22 (pp S91-S91)
McLean S, Bowman LAH & Poole RK (2010) Peroxynitrite stress is exacerbated by increased Hmp levels in Salmonella Typhimurium. NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 22 (pp S78-S78)
Yeh S-R, Lu C, Egawa T, Lin Y, Mukai M, Wu G, Shepherd M & Poole RK (2009) The Single Domain Hemoglobin From Campylobactor Jejuni: The Unique Structural Features Underlying Its NO Dioxygenase Activity. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 96(3) (pp 557a-557a)
Lu C, Lin Y, Poole RK & Yeh S-R (2007) Ligand binding properties of hemoglobin cgb from the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter Jejuni. BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL (pp 382A-382A)
Poole RK, Barrett JA, Hazel AC, Elvers KT, Flatley JE, Grogan S, Park SF & Wu GH (2004) Nitric oxide-responsive and detoxifying mechanisms in bacteria. NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 11(1) (pp 37-37)
Cruz-Ramos H, Wu GH, Coopamah MD, Hughes MN & Poole RK (2000) Nitric oxide is an effector in bacterial gene expression mediated by FNR and FNR-like proteins. BIOLOGY OF NITRIC OXIDE, PT 7, Vol. 16 (pp 158-158)
Poole RK (1999) Bacterial responses to pH - Summary. BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO PH, Vol. 221 (pp 251-255)
Poole RK (1999) Symposium on Bacterial responses to pH, held at the Novartis Foundation, London 1-4 June 1998 - Introduction. BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO PH, Vol. 221 (pp 1-3)