Social Sciences BA

Core modules:

Foundations of Social Science 1

This module is designed to provide strong foundations for you on the Applied Social Sciences programme. The module will provide a common foundation of theoretical, empirical and methodological work that is appropriate for students from diverse backgrounds and disciplines.. 

Following a planned programme of lectures, seminars and group tutorials, it will offer professional and peer teaching and support to you. You will further develop your research skills by undertaking practical research tasks, including conducting your own interviews and surveys. The module will help to create a solid foundation for a distinct community of learning that will help to sustain you throughout the course of your degree at Sheffield.

20 credits

Foundations of Social Science 2

This module is designed to further develop your foundational theoretical, empirical and methodological knowledge of social research. This is appropriate for students who have a foundational understanding of science concepts and methods.  

Following a planned programme of lectures, seminars and group tutorials, it will offer professional and peer teaching and support to you. You will further develop your research skills from the foundations 1 module, by undertaking assessment and project work. 

The module will help to create a strong framework for research and conceptual work at level two. It will prepare you to conduct your own independent research.

20 credits

Reading Social Science

This module offers a comprehensive introduction to core study skills in the social sciences, enabling students to succeed to the best of their abilities. Anchored by the practice of reading social science, the module supports students to find, read, critically review and synthesise academic texts. Acknowledging the relationships between reading and writing, this module also engages with the production of academic work alongside contemporary debates in (1) citation politics (2) academic misconduct and (3) the use of generative AI. The module, as such, presents students with a very  strong study skills foundation, equipping them with the necessary tools to undertake a wide range of scholarly activities. Beyond that, this module supports students to develop core employability skills including critical thinking, knowledge application, digital literacy and working with others.

20 credits

Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics

There's more and more data around us - in the media, used by politicians or governments, generated by users and businesses. Whether you are a data analyst, social researcher, journalist, or simply an informed citizen, understanding how data is used—and sometimes misused—is a crucial skill. In a world increasingly driven by data, the ability to critically interpret and evaluate statistical claims is more essential than ever.

This 20-credit module aims to demystify data and help you develop your analytical and critical thinking skills regarding data and statistics used in research, businesses, politics, and the media. Through engaging teaching, active learning and examples from research, politics, and the news media, the module will enable you to develop the knowledge and skills you'll need to understand, analyse, and interpret data with confidence, and tell good from bad data.

The module is comprised of weekly lectures as well as interactive computer workshops and is assessed through a written data communication task and a multiple-choice exam — both designed to reflect the types of assessments commonly used in recruitment and relevant workplace scenarios.

20 credits

Optional modules (subject to change and availability):

World Politics

This module will introduce students to key international relations concepts and discussions. Students will be able to understand, analyse and reflect on some of the most pressing issues in the international arena including:

migration

climate change

poverty and global inequalities

sexual violence

armed conflict

This introductory module will equip students with the tools to continue engaging with more in-depth theoretical and empirical international relations discussions as they progress through their studies.

20 credits

Situating Crime

The module looks at what crime occurs, how, where and to whom. It provides an introduction to the social factors linked to offending and victimisation, including the geography of crime and social deprivation (and wealth). As well as considering traditional forms of crime against individuals and businesses (and people's fear of such crime), it will also explore the nature of and effects on the victims of internet crime, fraud, organised crime and human trafficking, as well as crime in war zones. It will examine whether there has been a drop in crime rates and if so, what might explain this.

20 credits

Cities, Places and People

The aim of this module is to provide you with an introduction to the central concept of place through a focus on the city of Sheffield, its communities and its people. In developing this understanding of place, you will be introduced to some of the theories, techniques and data  that planners use in their efforts to understand and create better places and the module will develop your skills of analysis for assessing the social, economic and environmental qualities of urban places. Through lectures, site visits and computer-based workshops, you will gain an understanding of several different areas in Sheffield so that you develop a broader appreciation of the city's strengths and some of the contemporary challenges that it faces.

10 credits

Exploring Human Geographies

This module provides an introduction to key principles, relations and processes that contribute to a diverse array of social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects of human geography.  You will have the opportunity to learn about spatial patterns of power, inequality and interdependence produced by economic and cultural globalisation; how we experience these at the local scale; and how they have changed over time.  Through lectures and seminars you will be guided through key concepts and current debates shaping how human geographers approach these issues, illustrated by drawing on examples from around the world and at a variety of geographical scales.  It highlights the value of a geographical perspective on the world we live in.

20 credits

Living with Environmental Change

This module will introduce students to a wide range of critical environmental issues facing the world today from physical science and social science perspectives. Using a range of environmental problems evident in the Global North and Global South (such as climate change, habitat loss, water resources, land-use change, agriculture), the physical and social processes implicated will be examined. Drawing on a range of examples, students will critically explore the causes, consequences, management and solutions to environmental issues and learn how to question assumptions about environmental processes.

20 credits

Why Geography Matters

Geography helps us plan for the future by investigating social and physical processes as they interconnect from the past through to the present. Geographers actively contribute to contemporary debates across the sciences, social sciences, and humanities.  We address some of the most pressing issues facing the modern world linking to social justice and environmental change.  Serving as a bridge between the general introductory modules, and the more specialist modules taught at levels 2 and 3, this module provides an opportunity for students to engage with topical issues in contemporary human and physical geography led by academics actively engaged in cutting edge research who are informing real world policy and practice.  The module provides a challenging but accessible insight into the origins of the discipline and how these translate into the cutting edge of contemporary geographical research, and how this helps us understand and contribute to our changing world.  The module will also begin to highlight for students how knowledge is always produced and reflective of those who produce it in ways that reinforce the positionality of some and silence others.

The following particular skills will be achieved in this module: exchanging knowledge; networking; emotional intelligence; inclusivity; positive mindset; innovation; commercial awareness.

20 credits

Social divisions and inequalities: causes, patterns and change

Sociologists are driven to understand how and why material and symbolic rewards are distributed unequally within and between social groups. In this module, you will explore how these inequalities arise from social divisions such as class, gender, and 'race' and ethnicity, and how they also interact to produce unequal outcomes. 

Throughout your learning, you will critically evaluate sociological research that provides evidence of structured inequality in society, as well as contemporary representations of inequalities. In doing so, you will gain an understanding of the difference between common-sense and sociological perspectives of social divisions.  This will support you in developing a sociological framework to critically assess how social divisions operate in the everyday, including in your own lives, and the constraints and opportunities that you and others encounter.

A series of lectures will provide scholarly evidence of and arguments relating to the causes of social divisions, the ways in which patterns of inequality manifest, and how these have changed and/or been challenged over time. Corresponding seminars will enable you to further develop your understanding of the ways in which social inequalities operate and manifest in social life, and how a different future can be imagined. This will deepen your  knowledge, develop your sociological imagination, and sharpen your study, research and communication skills

20 credits

Comprehending Criminology

This module introduces students to key areas of criminological definitions, empirical study, theory and the development of criminal justice systems. The module looks at case studies of crime and deviance from contemporary life to help students understand how some of the history and theory of criminology can be brought to bear on social and legal issues. Topics may feature, for example, youth crime, spouse murder, football hooliganism and credit card crime but also other areas if and when interesting cases arise.

20 credits

Western Political Thought

During this module, you will be introduced to political theory as a distinctive way of thinking about politics. You will engage with some of the most influential and renowned thinkers from the history of Western political thought, critically analysing questions of power, justice and legitimacy.

Through the study of seminal texts, you will be challenged to evaluate historical responses to political questions and thereby start doing political theory for yourself. You will also develop a deeper understanding of various concepts that can be applied to your analyses of contemporary issues throughout the degree.

20 credits

Sociology of hope, community and social justice

This module aims to introduce and develop students' understanding of the concepts of hope, community and social justice and their related theoretical contexts, challenges and debates. 

Drawing on multidisciplinary sociological and social policy perspectives and debates, the module will develop students' knowledge and critical understanding of the concepts of hope, community and social justice and the range of historical and contemporary political and collective actions that have been shaped by transformative approaches and/or pursued these 'better world' ambitions. 

The module will adopt a thematic approach to facilitate students' understanding of what hope, community and social justice mean and how these have been defined as well as ensuring students have familiarity and confidence in navigating the theoretical approaches, empirical studies and substantive 'real world' case studies/topic areas associated with these thematic categories.

20 credits

Social divisions and inequalities: causes, patterns and change

Sociologists are driven to understand how and why material and symbolic rewards are distributed unequally within and between social groups. In this module, you will explore how these inequalities arise from social divisions such as class, gender, and 'race' and ethnicity, and how they also interact to produce unequal outcomes. 

Throughout your learning, you will critically evaluate sociological research that provides evidence of structured inequality in society, as well as contemporary representations of inequalities. In doing so, you will gain an understanding of the difference between common-sense and sociological perspectives of social divisions.  This will support you in developing a sociological framework to critically assess how social divisions operate in the everyday, including in your own lives, and the constraints and opportunities that you and others encounter.

A series of lectures will provide scholarly evidence of and arguments relating to the causes of social divisions, the ways in which patterns of inequality manifest, and how these have changed and/or been challenged over time. Corresponding seminars will enable you to further develop your understanding of the ways in which social inequalities operate and manifest in social life, and how a different future can be imagined. This will deepen your  knowledge, develop your sociological imagination, and sharpen your study, research and communication skills

20 credits

Data Visualisation

This module consists of three key elements. The first is principles of good graphic design, combined with how figures can be used to lie and mislead. The second is learning how to make a wide range of graphs, maps, and figures, for a wide range of different audiences, using the latest and most powerful software. The third is interpreting visual representations of data, whether from other sources or by students on the module themselves, and using them to answer substantive research questions. Fundamentally, this is a hands-on module that allows students to make and understand data visualisations.

10 credits

British Politics

You will be introduced to the key concepts and debates that have shaped British politics with an emphasis on history, institutions and culture.

Each lecture will focus on a specific element of British politics, with subsequent and linked seminars providing an opportunity to deepen this knowledge by looking at critical case studies or official reviews.

This module provides key employability skills and practice based knowledge through a focus on the theory and practice of political decision-making processes and the challenges of implementing policy.

20 credits

Core modules:

- Employability and Engagement

Doing Quantitative Research

This dynamic inquiry-based course will provide students with practical experience of conducting quantitative social research that has real-life application to the social world. Using a wide range of national and international sources, students will work on the process of gathering, processing, and analysing quantitative data, with a particular focus on communicating findings to a wide range of audiences. This will involve working with different software to analyse and present results, using a wide range of graphical techniques, and interpreting quantitative results in social science more generally.

20 credits

Doing Qualitative Research

Qualitative research remains a key method of data collection and analysis in the social sciences and the skills and techniques that researchers use to generate qualitative data have numerous other applications in the workplace and beyond. In this inquiry-based module students will continue to develop their ability to collect, analyse, and present qualitative data by working on problem-focussed research project. Building on their experience of social research practice they have developed at level one, by the end of this module, students will have completed a team-based qualitative project from beginning to end and used the data to produce an internet-ready research newsletter 'Google Site'. More importantly, they will also demonstrate the ability to critically reflect on the process of doing qualitative research.

20 credits

Doing Mixed Methods Research

Research in the social sciences is increasingly using mixed methods to explore the social world. This module covers the principles and practices of conducting mixed methods research (MMR), through an enquiry-based learning approach. By designing and completing their own projects, students will learn how to apply mixed methods and appreciate the value of bringing together both qualitative and quantitative approaches in conducting research. Students will develop their ability to analyse, and present MMR data, alongside critically reflecting on the process of using MMR.

20 credits

Optional modules (subject to change and availability):

Tackling the World's Wicked Problems: theoretical tools and applications

The world is faced with many pressing problems, from military conflicts to climate change, terrorism, and humanitarian catastrophes. These problems often seem intractable.

In this module, you will be presented with a variety of theoretical perspectives and tools, such as Postcolonialism and Green Theory, that seek to address these various 'wicked problems'. The module offers an in-depth discussion of some of the most important International Relations theories and applies them to empirical cases.

You address how various theories propose to practically solve the most pressing problems in world politics. You will also gain experience in approaching problems from a diversity of perspectives in order to better understand how problems arise and come to exist in global politics.

20 credits

Political Theory in Practice

You will explore key debates in political theory and their implications for current political practice. 

You will have the opportunity to engage in: debates surrounding justice and what these mean for welfare and taxation policies; disputes over the meaning of democracy and their implications for how we choose our leaders; discussions about different ideas of freedom of speech, and what 'hate speech' is; and to explore controversies around multiculturalism, in particular its impact upon women. 

Overall, this module will help you become well-equipped to identify and evaluate the competing values that lie behind so many of our current political controversies.

20 credits

Race, Gender and Crime

This module examines the relationships between gender, race and crime. It explores, from a critical standpoint, when and how patterns of law-breaking and victimisation vary according to gender and race. Focusing on topics as diverse as gender-based violence, sex work, political protest/disorder and Islamophobia, the module examines how patriarchal and racialised social structures serve to marginalise and criminalise, and also under-protect, (some) women as well as Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities.

20 credits

Sustainable Development and Global Justice

Development in the Global South is a major issue of international concern in the 21st century. This module guides you to explore contemporary development issues and examine the contribution that geographers, and geographical thought, can make towards understanding inequality, poverty and socio-economic change. Definitions of 'development', 'poverty' and 'the poor' shift and are invested with political meaning which reflect specific geographies and ways of seeing the world: you will be able to develop critical understandings of such terminology and the power dynamics implicit within them. This module addresses diverse theories, paradigms and contemporary critiques of development, and explores some of the central issues affecting processes of development. Case examples are drawn from Latin America, Africa and South-East Asia.

20 credits

Culture, Space and Difference

This research-led module introduces you to the cutting edge of Social and Cultural Geography. The module illustrates the diversity and vitality of contemporary social and cultural geography including some of the philosophical concepts and theoretical debates that have shaped the subject.  The module aims to deepen and enrich the ways in which you are able to think about geographical issues. It does this through helping you to develop a critical understanding of concepts and approaches that underpin the substance and methods of contemporary human geography. The module team works with you to help you to develop your own 'photo essays'  - which bring the ideas of the module to your experiences from everyday life.

20 credits

Oppression and Resistance

Intense and ongoing debates over oppression shape contemporary politics. The key to these debates are disagreements over what constitutes oppression, how it functions, and how it can be resisted.

During this module, you will explore the strategies and legacy of movements that resisted specific forms of oppression such as racism, sexism, homophobia, class-based oppression and violence against non-human animals. To do this you will learn about movements like the Haitian Revolution, Black Lives Matter, Pride, #MeToo, and the 504 Disability Rights Sit-in.

You will be introduced to the historical, theoretical and empirical tools to understand and analyse modern oppression and resistance.

20 credits

Punishment and Penal Policy

This module is concerned with the sentencing and punishment of offenders. It considers, in historical context: the philosophical underpinnings of punishment; sentencing policy and practice; and the forms that punishment takes (including custodial and non-custodial options). It also considers what we know about public attitudes toward punishment. A key issue addressed by this module is the rapid growth of the prison population since the mid-1990s: how can we explain this state of affairs, and can/should this trend be reversed?

20 credits

Men, Feminism and Gender relations

During this module, you will critically examine the growing body of sociological and other literature concerned with men and masculinities. The content you will cover will locate this growth of interest within the context of the feminist movement and subsequent writings/critiques of masculinities and patriarchy.

You will be supported and encouraged to connect the covered topics to wider scholarship on gender relations. Some of the key case studies that you will explore include men in sport, men and media, men and health/well-being, men and feminism, as well as men and sexualities. Methodological and epistemological issues involved in the study of men and masculinities will also form part of this module.

This module will also introduce students to the new skill of vlogging, which they will be supported to develop for their assessment.

20 credits

Who Gets What? Social Justice and the Environment

Environmental issues continue to be a key area of contemporary public concern and current political debate. They raise fundamental questions about the relationship between society and environment, and the politics and equity of that relationship. This module provides a geographical introduction to these issues and debates with examples from a range of scales, from the global to the local. You will be able to learn and understand core ideas, further developing understanding through inter-related explorations covering debates focused on  different real world themes and their potential solutions.

20 credits

Understanding 'Race' and Migration

This module explores the meaning of 'race' and migration in various social and political contexts. It aims to develop an in-depth understanding of sociological theories of 'race', racism and migration through an exploration of the development of 'race' as an ideology, as a concept influenced by history and politics, and through its relevance in the contemporary context. The module examines how ideas about race and migration help to shape and determine social and political relations. It also explores the role of race and migration as major sources of social divisions and how racism operates in the reproduction of structural inequalities. These issues are explored through sociological theory, as well as policy and practice areas such as theories of racialised identities, immigration regimes, education and criminal justice.

20 credits

Core modules:

- Dissertation
- Analysis, Evaluation and Interpretation
- Collaboration and Dissemination

Optional modules (subject to change and availability):

The Ethics of Political Leadership

This course examines the ethics of political leadership. To do so, it focuses on broad and timeless questions, such as 'What is the relationship between politics and morality?' as well as more focused questions, including 'May politicians bend moral constraints in the name of political necessity?' and 'Is it always wrong for leaders to lie?'

To answer these questions, you will analyse and evaluate normative arguments on the significance and function of political leaders in contemporary politics. You will also examine competing theories of leadership in their historical and intellectual context. This module will encourage you to take a theoretical approach, using examples of political leaders to highlight strengths and weaknesses of competing theories of leadership, and to emphasise their ideological assumptions and implications.

20 credits

Global Culture Wars

Cancel culture, identity politics, the war on woke… How should we make sense of the so-called 'culture wars' that are transforming politics?

Throughout this module, you will examine this topic from a global and historical perspective, investigating the contemporary politics of culture wars that are found worldwide, and the tensions that have existed in one form or another since the dawn of modernity. Topics you will study include the rise of the global right, the transnational backlash against LGBT+ rights, and how social media has shaped contemporary politics. 

As a group, we will take a step back from the commotion, scandal and outrage to trace the historical lineages of culture wars across global politics.

20 credits

Protest, Movements and Social Change

During this module, you will gain deeper insight into how we study protests and movements and their impact on social change. 

The content will take a historical overview, tracing the development of theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of social movements, matched with historical and contemporary case studies of movement from around the world. 

By focusing on what functions movements play in society, as well as how they have been studied, you will become equipped with the tools to both analyse movements, and engage with sociological debates surrounding larger questions of inequality, identity, democracy and social justice.

20 credits

Reimagining Care: Families, Services and Policies

An increasing number of people made vulnerable by experiences of disability, old age, or family circumstances, rely on care and support provided by social care services or family and friends. Despite this, we are surrounded by narratives of social care systems in crisis, including bankruptcy of local authority providers, chronic care worker staffing shortages, poor outcomes for service users and for carers, and so on. We are also witnessing changes in the nature of care, with increasing opportunities provided by new technologies. In this module, we ask why care is facing so many challenges and consider evidence-based solutions.

Drawing on the ongoing research of the ESRC Centre for Care (hosted by the University of Sheffield), you will consider a series of issues and contexts explored in our own research, practice and personal experiences. Content will cover a breadth of childrens' and adults' care, including the varied care needs of people with physical disabilities or learning difficulties, vulnerable children, and older people supported at home or in residential care. You will also investigate the roles and experiences of those who provide care and support in the form of family carers and the paid care workforce. 

Through these topics, you will be expected to engage in wider sociological and policy debates, including the meaning of 'care', funding and affordability, the mixed economy and inequality of care provision in order to imagine policy alternatives. 

20 credits

Democracy and Citizenship

This module explores how a geographical approach helps us to analyse issues such as controversial election results, divisive immigration policies, and contentious social activism. You will be able to learn how the two key concepts of democracy and citizenship can be used to engage with contemporary debates and theories to draw out the links between geography, policy and society, and the ways in which these are shaped and responded to by citizens, communities, civil society, and political parties. The module emphasises the critical appraisal and interpretation of a variety of perspectives - including our own. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which these interactions are played out across and through multiple scales, from the global to our everyday lives.

20 credits

Environmental Justice at a Time of Crisis

This module works with critical debates and approaches in Environmental Geographies to help understand a range of environmental crises (such as climate change, sustainability, waste and pollution, biodiversity loss/conservation, extinction) in front of us. You will be able to examine histories, causes and solutions for these environmental crises while drawing connections between global South and North.  The module will cover a range of scales and actors from individual behaviours to community actions, and you will be able to examine the work of local bodies and global organisations and negotiations.The module will leverage conceptual and political tools provided by environmental geographies to ask how we could tackle these multiple and co-constituted crises in socially just ways.

20 credits

Organised Crime and Illicit Markets

This module will introduce you to the growing field of organised crime studies. This rich area of research encompasses many disciplines from criminology and sociology to history, economics and politics. At the heart of organised crime studies are attempts to understand how, why and when illicit marketplaces are created and sustained and the roles of various actors within these markets.

You will have the opportunity to explore how governments and law enforcement agencies have tried to respond to organise crime by investigating a range of case studies specific to illicit marketplaces. You will also analyse the role of the media and the influence of popular culture on the way organised crime is defined and understood.

By exploring the primary literature, which covers the historical and contemporary developments in organised crime, you will be equipped to engage with sociological debates surrounding the development of this type of criminality, particularly its (alleged) increasingly transnational nature over the past two decades.

20 credits

Youth Crime and Justice

This module examines youth crime and 'antisocial behaviour, as well as formal responses to young people who offend. During the first half of the module, contemporary and historical views of youth crime are critically examined, attending particularly to class, ethnicity and gender, and to the historical construction of youth as problematic. The second half of the module focuses on youth justice, including the role of the police, the courts, Youth Offending Teams, custodial institutions and other bodies in regulating unruly youth and preventing and responding to youth crime.

20 credits

War, Peace and Justice

During this module, you will critically examine the politics of liberal war,  a term used to describe the various military activities of the liberal powers since the end of the Cold War, from military interventions in Kosovo to the invasions occupations, counter insurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq, to the training and arming of Ukraine's military. Liberal war is grounded in ethical claims and logics that emphasise war as a humanitarian measure to liberate the oppressed and to achieve or preserve ideals of the international liberal order, such as democracy and freedom. War pursued by the liberal powers is therefore seen to be a mechanism of liberal peace and justice.  

You will study the role of liberal war within global racial hierarchies and the ongoing condition of coloniality, the relationship between liberal war and gender, different conceptualizations and ways of understanding the violences of liberal war, the relationships between liberal war and liberal economy, and the politics of death in liberal war. You will also examine the presents and the futures of liberal war, considering events such as the fall of Kabul and the war in Ukraine. 

By the end of the module, you will have critically assessed liberal war's logics and ethical claims and the practices that go along with them.

20 credits

Corporations in Global Politics: Possibilities, Tensions, and Ambiguities

Corporations are ubiquitous, affecting everything from mundane individual consumption choices, to the investment decisions of both weak and powerful states. Importantly, their authority extends beyond the economic sphere and into the political, as they shape and execute policies and outcomes for some of the world's pressing problems.

Drawing upon international relations, political economy, and global governance literatures, you will analyse the corporation theoretically and empirically by drawing upon a diverse range of case studies from environmental sustainability and development, to war-making and peacekeeping. 

You will have the opportunity to explore the multifaceted political roles of corporations, learning to critically reflect on their implications.

20 credits

Algorithms, AI and Society

Algorithmic systems, AI, machine learning and other data-driven technologies are transforming society. They are having wide-ranging effects which are far from straightforward. Their use results in harms as well as benefits, and algorithmic systems and AI feed into and are fed into by inequalities.

You will critically interrogate claims that AI, automation and algorithms will simply lead to a better society. You will be asked to explore the negative effects of related change and the ways in which algorithmic and AI systems are not experienced equally by all. Throughout, you will review theoretical literature on AI-in-society and on algorithmic culture, focussing on high profile accounts of their social consequences in areas such as education, welfare, social care, big tech and the media.

By the end of this module, you will have gained a systematic knowledge of contemporary and advanced level debates relating to algorithms and AI.

20 credits

Perspectives on inequalities

You will be asked to think about the everyday experiences of inequality while exploring some of the core theoretical frameworks for interrogating inequality. These everyday experiences will be brought to life through presentations with/by external guest speakers who have lived experience of these inequalities and/or have worked to challenge these inequalities. There is a focus on discussion and debate to understand and critically reflect on the module content.

This module is co-taught with local agencies, community and family members. The involvement of practitioners, community members and families means that the content is interactive and requires full attendance.

This module aims to bring academic knowledge closer to everyday life and to help you gain applied knowledge of inequalities. It also offers an important insight into the nature of and benefits of co-construction in addressing issues relating to inequalities.

20 credits

Challenging Development

The aim of this module is to critically examine the development process within a global context, drawing on examples from developed and developing nations, to understand the local global nexus. You will be able to learn about the different ways in which 'sustainable development' is defined, and how we can decolonise development reflecting more critically on our position, and the power relations within this process.  Drawing on debates within development geography, and other disciplines, the module is structured around two themes: current global crises and how these affect us all but differently across the globe; and development interventions which aim to tackle global crises globally and locally.  Topics covered may include: neoliberalism and its relation to the financial crises, the environmental crises and its root causes, populism and the rise of inequalities, sustainable development and the sustainable development goals, alternatives to development, the pros and cons of the use of technology.

20 credits

Creative Geographies

Place, in all its forms, has long inspired creativity, while the creative works that result are themselves inherently spatial.  This module explores creative work from several historical and contemporary creative movements and associated cultural producers in context.  Why did their creative work arise where it did?  What difference did that place (or places) make to their aesthetic thought and expression?  How was space itself integral to their creative work?  In this module you are guided through the intricate relationship between art across various media, geography, and the political.  Emphasis is put on specific types of space and place as sites and mediums of aesthetic thought and creative practice.  Core themes will typically include identity, place and displacement, historical imaginations and the built environment, and creativity and socio-spatial transformation.

20 credits

Police and Policing in a Global Context

This module explores policing on a macro-level, taking into account developments on a national and global scale. The topics covered will include: conceptualizing the police and policing; key features of policing, such as police powers, discretion, police culture and accountability; models of policing; the history of policing in the UK and elsewhere; the policing of multi-ethnic communities (who can also be thought of as 'global citizens'); the role of the police in policing, in the light of the growing involvement of non-warranted civilians and others in policing activities; policing in other countries, including post-colonial countries; and policing in a transnational context; policing in global, late modern societies. The module will be partly empirical, but it will also be grounded in theories about the use of power; for example, it will be situated within theories about governance and social control, whilst also exploring whether and from where the police derive legitimacy in exerting power/authority over citizens.

20 credits

Restorative Justice

Restorative justice is increasingly being adopted by countries around the world to deal with offending and to respond to victims of criminal offences. This module explores the development of restorative justice in theory and practice and seeks to understand the contemporary popularity of restorative justice. It considers the appeal of restorative justice to a variety of stakeholders (including offenders, victims and the wide community) and in a variety of jurisdictions, including England and Wales and Northern Ireland, as well as mainland Europe, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and America. It looks at whether restorative justice can and should be used for more serious offences and for adult offenders. It also examines the effectiveness of restorative justice interventions and how this has been assessed by researchers.

20 credits