Linguistics and Modern Languages & Cultures BA

Core linguistics modules:

Sounds and Structures of English

This module is an introduction to the subdisciplines of linguistics known as phonetics and phonology (sounds), and morphology, syntax, and semantics (structures). The module is designed to provide you with an understanding of the key concepts and terminology necessary to describe and explain sounds and structures of English, and of other languages. Lectures will cover major topics in the formal descriptions of speech sounds and morpho-syntax. Seminar activities will help equip you with the practical skills necessary to accurately describe and transcribe speech sounds, and to analyse word and sentence structure and meaning. The module serves as an essential basis for more advanced study across linguistic subdisciplines.

20 credits

Style in Language

This module introduces students to stylistic variation in language, exploring the varied ways in which linguistic choices contribute to meaning and effect. We will examine a wide range of different text types, including literary narratives, journalism, advertising, political speeches, poetry and song lyrics, drama and screenplays. We will move beyond basic grammatical analysis to consider the functional, contextual, and generic dimensions of language use. We will apply relevant linguistic concepts and theories to the study of stylistic phenomena including register, sentence structure, deixis, lexical choice, parallelism, narrative structure, transitivity, and metaphor. Students will be equipped with the practical tools necessary to investigate the relationships between style and effect in a rigorous, retrievable, and replicable way, and gain hands-on experience using their analytical, critical, and interpretative skills.

20 credits

Core Modern Languages and Cultures modules, students will take one core language from the list below, with its associated core content modules, for the duration of their degree:

French Advanced

This unit aims to consolidate an initial preparation for a prolonged professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and introduces the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to engage in authentic and spontaneous interaction with native speakers (CEF level B2).

20 credits

Understanding Modern France and Francophone Cultures

This core content module will introduce students to key aspects of France's history, society, politics and culture through the study of a range of important texts and media. It will focus on key historical events and texts (including print, film, and other media) to examine the values and ideas that inform French and francophone societies today, giving an historical overview of their development from Louis XIV to the present day. You will learn the key critical skills specific to a range of cultural forms and develop a . It will provide them with a sound understanding of disciplinary studies, both within the language(s)/culture(s) they have chosen to study and, more broadly, within the discipline of Languages and Cultures today. The module will facilitate your transition to University study, to complement the core language modules (which also cover aspects of culture) studied at Level 1, in addition to serving as the solid foundation for more advanced study and specialisation at Level 2 and onwards.

20 credits

German Advanced

Assuming a good A level in the language or equivalent, this unit aims to provide an initial preparation for a prolonged professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and introduces the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to engage in authentic and spontaneous interaction with native speakers (CEF level B2-).

20 credits

German Beginner Intensive

This unit aims to consolidate a general foundation in the language and culture in order to cope with a range of predictable, everyday communicative situations encountered when interacting at a elementary level, orally and in writing, with native speakers during, for instance, a brief visit abroad (CEF level A2+).

20 credits

Dutch Beginner

This unit aims to consolidate a general foundation in the language and culture in order to cope with a range of predictable, everyday communicative situations encountered when interacting at a basic level, orally and in writing, with sympathetic native speakers during, for instance, a brief visit abroad (CEF level A2).

20 credits

Understanding German and Dutch Histories and Cultures

This core German and Dutch content module will introduce students to the history, societies, politics, and cultures of the German- and Dutch-speaking worlds. You will focus on the major historical events and dynamics (such as the building of the Berlin Wall, Dutch and Belgian colonialism,  the impact of WW2, the importance of the Greens to contemporary Germany. You will explore key texts and a range of visual material. You will also acquire a theoretical toolkit that will enable you to analyse these major events and cultural forms. The module complements the core German and Dutch language modules (which also cover some aspects of culture) studied at Level 1, in addition to serving as the solid foundation for more advanced study and specialisation at Level 2 and onwards.

20 credits

Russian Advanced

This unit aims to consolidate an initial preparation for a prolonged professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and introduces the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to engage in authentic and spontaneous interaction with native speakers (CEF level B2).

20 credits

Czech Beginner

This unit aims to consolidate a general foundation in the language and culture in order to cope with a range of predictable, everyday communicative situations encountered when interacting at a basic level, orally and in writing, with sympathetic native speakers during, for instance, a brief visit abroad (CEF level A2).

20 credits

Russian and Czech Cultures in the Age of Empire and beyond

This module gives an overview of Russian and Czech cultures with a focus on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It will critically examine the concepts of statehood, empire, nationalism, totalitarianism and democracy by studying the two nations' different experiences through visual sources, literature and language usage. It thus introduces students to topics dealt with in greater depth in optional modules at Levels 2 and 3, and helps them to learn how to analyse cultural artefacts and sources of different kinds.

20 credits

Spanish Advanced

This unit aims to consolidate an initial preparation for a prolonged professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and introduces the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to engage in authentic and spontaneous interaction with native speakers (CEF level B2).

20 credits

Spanish Beginner Intensive

This unit aims to consolidate a general foundation in the language and culture in order to cope with a range of predictable, everyday communicative situations encountered when interacting at a elementary level, orally and in writing, with native speakers during, for instance, a brief visit abroad (CEF level A2+).

20 credits

Catalan Beginner

This unit aims to consolidate a general foundation in the language and culture in order to cope with a range of predictable, everyday communicative situations encountered when interacting at a basic level, orally and in writing, with sympathetic native speakers during, for instance, a brief visit abroad (CEF level A2).

20 credits

Portuguese Beginner

This unit aims to consolidate and expand the general foundation in the language and culture acquired at Beginner's level, providing a solid basis for the next level and enabling learners to cope with a range of predictable, everyday communicative situations encountered when interacting at an elementary level with native speakers during, for instance, a brief visit abroad (CEF level A2).

20 credits

Understanding Spanish, Catalan and Portuguese Histories and Cultures

This module examines the historical trajectories of Spain (including Catalonia) and Portugal; their emergence as states in the Iberian Peninsula; their  imperial expansion overseas into Latin America, Africa, and Asia; and the eventual independence of the colonies and their development and consolidation into the various modern-day states we know today. The module will explore the social, political, linguistic and cultural characteristics of these states and their peoples, and highlight the importance of understanding their complex histories in the formation of national and other identities, languages and cultural and political values. Seminars focussing on key cultural outputs (e.g. film and other visual cultures, literature, music) complement large-group lectures.

20 credits

Chinese for Non-Specialists 1

This module aims to enable students with no prior knowledge of Mandarin Chinese to acquire basic practical language skills. With an emphasis on communicative abilities, all four language skills - listening, reading, speaking and writing - are developed through classroom practice and self-directed learning.

20 credits

Korean for Non-Specialists 1

This module aims to provide an introduction to the Korean Language for students with no previous knowledge. The emphasis is on achieving a basic level of communication in all four language skills; listening, speaking, reading and writing, which will lay the foundation for further study through classroom practice and self-directed learning. The module also aims to stimulate students' interest in Korea and Korean society by being aware of some of the major social and cultural characteristics of modern Korea and Korean culture.

20 credits

Inventing East Asian Traditions

This module introduces students to the critical study of East Asian traditions. While the region is often touted for its ancient cultures, practices, and rituals, many of these have been carefully represented, invented, or repackaged in contemporary times for a variety of purposes. Students will learn to critically examine the histories and representations of famous traditions such as Japanese samurai, Korean corporate hierarchy and Chinese philosophy. The module will introduce core academic works from scholars across the region that reveal the complicated backgrounds of these traditions. Understanding these dynamics students will have a more robust understanding of the relationship between tradition, modernity, and the modern nation. The module will also allow students to develop their own projects using group-work through which students will build core media skills in addition.

20 credits

Optional Linguistics modules (choose up to 20 credits):

History of English

What is English? Taking this question as a point of departure, this module introduces students to the exceptionally dynamic linguistic history of English(es). Changing linguistic forms and functions are contextualized within their historical moment, and language external factors such as language contact, imperialism and racism are also discussed as they pertain to periods of English. To be clear: this is not just a module about old forms of language (although there is plenty of that!) - it's about gaining historical linguistic perspective on current Englishes (including related Creoles) and their place within a much bigger story.

20 credits

Early Englishes

This module is of particular interest to anyone who wants to know more about the first 1000 years of English language and literature. Early Englishes works backward over a whole millennium of English, 1600 to 600. Each week's lectures and seminar focus on one century and one text representative of that century (for example, Margery Kempe's Book, Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, and Beowulf). We will use a variety of techniques - literary, linguistic, anthropological, cultural-historical - to analyse each text, thereby opening up discussion of issues that preoccupied the English of the time, from glorious monster-slaying to the first expressions of love and desire, from religious devotion to comedy, from the power of insults to the status of English. We will investigate international influences on English language and literature, explore medieval worldviews and how they might differ from modern ones, and query what it means when we say something is medieval. No prior knowledge of Old or Middle English is necessary; students will be given the opportunity to examine texts in the original language but where necessary translations will be provided.

20 credits

Linguistic Theory

This module explores how language is structured by examining central issues in linguistic theory, building upon the concepts introduced in EGH105 Sounds of English and EGH106 Structures of English. Students will be instructed in (1) foundational theories and concepts in areas such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, (2) the linguistic evidence that informs these approaches, (3) the analytical techniques required to apply these theories to language data, and (4) the relevance of such theoretical models for the wider study of language. This inclusive module will develop analytical tools and problem-solving skills in using linguistic theory, training students to think critically to interpret data from any language within theoretical frameworks.

20 credits

Living Englishes

Discover the extraordinary diversity of English today! This module explores varieties of English in Britain and worldwide, shaped by expansion, colonialism, and globalisation. You'll analyse spoken and written language using linguistic tools, gaining insight into sociolinguistic and ideological issues. From local dialects to global Englishes, you'll engage with language in real-world contexts while developing key transferable skills in communication, analysis, and reflection. Perfect for students excited to explore language variation and its impact on society.

20 credits

Language and Creativity

Creativity is a core property of human language use. Speakers of English and all other languages can use their knowledge of the language to produce endless utterances that have never been heard before. What's more, listeners can understand these utterances, despite the fact that they are completely new. In this module you will learn about the creative dimensions of human language through a series of practical experiments, writing and rewriting texts and reflecting on what that process teaches us. You don't have to be 'good at creative writing' to do this. The focus isn't on producing wonderful poems and stories but rather on learning about language through creative experimentation - through a process of doing and then thinking about what you've done. We'll look at creative language use in a range of everyday contexts and we'll think about popular forms of writing like comics, journalism, interactive digital narratives, and spoken-word forms like podcasts.

Learning by doing is an important aspect of many jobs, especially the ones that English graduates often go into, and so the experience this module offers will stand you in good stead for later life. The creative properties of language use are also important for the communication of identity and there will be plenty of opportunity to think about this in relation to aspects of identity that are important to you.

By taking this module you will learn more about language by actually using it, a process that is both rewarding and fun.

20 credits

Students in the Languages and Cultures stream will choose up to 20 credits from the following optional modules:

Euro-Visions: Imagining and Questioning Europe

What is 'Europe'? What does it mean to be European?   The module interrogates the idea of Europe for those who live within and outside its borders. It examines different ways in which Europe has been imagined and critiqued, through case studies that focus on, for example, language, culture, politics, or art. It considers different aspects of the emergence of a distinct pan-European identity and specific peoples within that general identity.  Europe, along with its component empires and nations, has always been defined against 'others' a) beyond its borders and b) those who reside within but are held not truly to belong (eg. Jews, Roma, Muslims). The module considers the history of such 'othering' and how it persists.

This module will explore how the idea of Europe has been formulated and discussed in literary texts, language policies, and other socio-cultural practices.  It examines social, political and cultural dynamics to explore how the idea of Europe is inextricably tied up with historical factors such as geopolitical conflicts, colonialism and unfree labour. Students will critically evaluate existing discourses, including former or official policies, and communicate their findings to academic and non-academic audiences through discussions and written evaluations.

20 credits

Language at Work

This module provides the basis for understanding the often-underestimated role of language in our everyday lives, with a specific focus on multilingual and intercultural settings in the broader context of global relationships between countries, cultures and individuals. 

Through lectures, seminars and small practical projects, students will examine their own language skills and enhance their knowledge of their chosen languages(s) through experimenting with different linguistic research methods. 

Students will gain critical understanding of their individual language repertoires and communication practices, learn different methods of scientific enquiry, and develop expertise in the exploration of language, communication and real-life interaction as a means of enhancing their foreign language learning, deepening their cultural understanding, and acquiring cultural agility. Finally, students will develop the ability to effectively communicate their academic insights to non-specialist audiences through innovative digital media.



 After completing this module, students will 



- know the basic properties of language and communication and their relation to culture; 

- be able to characterise the global and local relationships between English and their other languages; 

- be able to describe the differences between communication in monolingual and linguistically/culturally diverse contexts; 

- be able to differentiate between communication involving native speakers of a language and communication involving foreign language speakers of a language and derive implications for intercultural communication and foreign language learning; 

- use systematic methods to carry out investigations of language, communication and culture; 

- use digital technology to communicate their academic work to non-specialist audiences.

20 credits

The Soviet Union and the world

The module examines the formation, development and collapse of the USSR and key aspects of its international impact. Covers historiographic problems in analysing primary materials, ideological issues in dealing with the revolutionary movement and subsequent developments, debates over the nature and trajectory of the USSR and their global influence.  

20 credits

Students in the East Asian Studies stream will choose up to 20 credits from the following optional modules:

Arts, History and Culture in China, Japan and Korea

This module introduces China, Japan, and Korea through their entangled histories, arts, and cultural practices. By engaging with the sources and subjects that animate these topics we expose students to the diverse cultural topographies of East Asia. Along the way, the module underscores the complexity and analytical potential of the humanities in an East Asian context.

The course is built around three core themes: people, places, and practices. Each of these topics provide a framework to study the region by foregrounding how human communities are formed, shaped by their environments, and transformed through cultural, intellectual, and economic patterns. The study of people invites questions pertaining to identity, kinship, and social organization. The topic of place encourages reflection on geography, mobility, and historical memory. Finally, practices highlight the ways in which belief systems, artistic expression, and intellectual traditions alter or persevere. These three themes will constitute the three distinct sections that make up the course. Each section will progress through time, from an ancient or premodern starting point up to the contemporary moment. In charting this course, the module will allow our discussion to extend from a distant past to the present day.

This module is as much an introduction to the ways we study East Asia as it is a class on the region itself. Towards this end, we focus on core skills within the humanities. These include critical reading of texts, images, and films; locating and assessing primary and secondary sources; comparative research across disciplines; and analytical writing. Students will be encouraged to identify areas of difference, overlap, and transformation across East Asian traditions while also reflecting on broader scholarly tools and methods. By the end of the module, students will not only have a foundational understanding of East Asian cultures and histories but also a working knowledge of the interpretative approaches that define the humanities as a field.

20 credits

Politics, Economy and Society in China, Japan and Korea

East Asian societies today are shaped by rapid economic, social and political change. This module introduces students to social science approaches to engaging with these changes. Taking a critical and diverse approach to how we understand Chinese, Japanese and Korean contexts, students will explore how political, economic and social processes affect the lives of everyday people in the region. Through thematic research-led case studies, students will develop a critical understanding of how political, social and economic systems in East Asia operate, while developing foundational skills necessary for the remainder of the degree and beyond.

20 credits

You will also have the option to select 20 credits of Languages for All modules in your chosen language.

Core modules:

Phonetics

The first year module Sounds of English will be expanded upon in order to give a practical knowledge of a much broader range of speech sounds, how they are produced and how they can be analysed by careful listening and by examination of their acoustic properties. A working knowledge of phonetics is fundamental to the wider study of linguistics, both theoretical and applied. You will be given straightforward access to other bodies of knowledge which are often denied to students of the humanities but which inform the study of phonetics, such as the biological and physical sciences. The module has a practical as well as a theoretical component which involves learning to recognise, produce and transcribe the sounds of the International Phonetic Alphabet.

20 credits

First Language Acquisition

This second-year module is aimed at students who have already taken Linguistic Theory in Level 1. In this course, we focus specifically on the first language acquisition of phonetic, phonological, and morpho-syntactic knowledge. Addressing both theoretical and methodological issues, the course explores the relationship between the logical problem of language acquisition -- how very young children manage to acquire quite abstract and subtle properties of their target grammars in the absence of clear positive evidence -- and the developmental problem of acquisition -- how children recover from systematic errors, and acquire subtle language-specific properties. We also explore the related tension between nativist vs. emergentist explanations for language acquisition and development.

20 credits

Arts of Persuasion

The ability to analyse strategies and techniques of persuasion is essential to understanding the world we inhabit. We encounter persuasion all the time: in everyday communication, when we read, speak, and interpret what we see and hear;  pamphlets and speeches; advertising; social media; literature and film; activism; and political campaigns and propaganda. As one scholar puts it, 'An awareness of rhetorical technique helps people to assess the validity of arguments and to avoid being misled by plausible but flawed appeals. It can also provide tools that will help counter them'.

This module enables students to develop the knowledge and critical acuity to examine persuasive strategies in a variety of narrative and visual forms, evaluate their likely effectiveness, and create their own persuasive artefact in their target language.

Organisation of the module: Lectures are topic-based and introduce broad principles of rhetoric and persuasion across history, incorporating examples from different cultures. Language-specific seminars focus on case studies from those countries and territories where the various target languages - Spanish, German, French, et cetera - are spoken. By the end of the module, students will be able to recognise and critique 'persuasive' culture, and apply this knowledge in a practical setting that aligns with their chosen language (one language only).

Assessment: 1 x individual written portfolio; 1 x collaborative persuasive artefact.

20 credits

Core language modules (choose one from the list below, following the language path you chose in year one):

French Higher Advanced

This module aims to consolidate the full linguistic and cultural preparation of learners wishing to undertake an extended professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and to consolidate the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to operate effectively in most situations encountered when engaging with native speakers (CEF level C1).

20 credits

French Intermediate Intensive

This unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate effectively and accurately in all essential communicative situations encountered when interacting orally or in writing with native speakers during, for instance, a short stay abroad (CEF level B1-).

20 credits

German Higher Advanced

This module aims to consolidate the full linguistic and cultural preparation of learners wishing to undertake an extended professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and to consolidate the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to operate effectively in most situations encountered when engaging with native speakers (CEF level C1).

20 credits

German Intermediate Intensive

This unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate effectively and accurately in all essential communicative situations encountered when interacting orally or in writing with native speakers during, for instance, a short stay abroad (CEF level B1-).

20 credits

Dutch Intermediate

Delivered through small-group interactive seminars and tutorials , this unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills required to start interacting and socializing in a fairly authentic and spontaneous way with native speakers in a range of advanced but usually predictable situations which would be encountered during, for instance, a short stay or placement abroad (CEF level B1+).

20 credits

Russian Higher Advanced

This module aims to consolidate the full linguistic and cultural preparation of learners wishing to undertake an extended professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and to consolidate the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to operate effectively in most situations encountered when engaging with native speakers (CEF level C1).

20 credits

Russian Intermediate

This unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills to start interacting and socializing in a fairly authentic and spontaneous way with native speakers in a range of advanced but usually predictable situations which would be encountered during, for instance, a short stay or placement abroad (CEF level B1-).

20 credits

Czech Intermediate

Delivered through small-group interactive seminars and tutorials , this unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills required to start interacting and socializing in a fairly authentic and spontaneous way with native speakers in a range of advanced but usually predictable situations which would be encountered during, for instance, a short stay or placement abroad (CEF level B1+).

20 credits

Spanish Higher Advanced

This module aims to consolidate the full linguistic and cultural preparation of learners wishing to undertake an extended professional, academic or recreational stay in a country where the language is spoken and to consolidate the full range of linguistic and cultural skills required to operate effectively in most situations encountered when engaging with native speakers (CEF level C1).

20 credits

Spanish Intermediate Intensive

This unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills to start interacting and socializing in a fairly authentic and spontaneous way with native speakers in a range of advanced but usually predictable situations which would be encountered during, for instance, a short stay or placement abroad (CEF level B1+).

20 credits

Catalan Intermediate

Delivered through small-group interactive seminars and tutorials, this unit aims to consolidate linguistic and cultural skills, to start interacting and socializing in a fairly authentic and spontaneous way with native speakers in a range of advanced but usually predictable situations which would be encountered during, for instance, a short stay or placement abroad (CEF level B1+).

20 credits

Portuguese Intermediate

Assuming a good GCSE level in the language or equivalent, this unit aims to provide the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate effectively and accurately in all essential communicative situations encountered when interacting orally or in writing with native speakers during, for instance, a short stay abroad (CEF level B1+).

20 credits

Optional modules:

Narrative Experiments

Historical Linguistics

Language change is a fact of all living languages, and historical linguistics is as much about the present and future as it is about its past. This module introduces the study of how and why languages change, and how languages are related. Students are encouraged to reflect on the ways in which historical linguistics bears on other areas of linguistics. The subject will be approached by 1) levels of inquiry, e.g. semantic, phonological, morphological, syntactic and pragmatic change; and 2) 'big questions', e.g. language families and linguistic prehistory, the role of acquisition in change, linguistic reconstruction, and historical sociolinguistics.

20 credits

Syntax

This module builds on what students have learnt in the Level 1 Structure of English and Linguistic Theory modules, providing a more in-depth look at the structure and organising principles of sentences cross-linguistically. We will discuss how syntactic structures form a system of cognitive representation that can be used for any language, including constraints on the grouping of words into phrases, and various operations that move elements inside sentences to generate word orders. This module will also begin to introduce the interfaces between syntax and other areas of language, particularly phonology, meaning, and sentence processing.

20 credits

Phonology

This module examines phonological theories and the data on which they are constructed, exploring how languages across the world organise their systems of speech sounds, and critically interrogating how their phonological processes can be analysed. Sound-based and prosodic (e.g. syllable-based) phenomena will be investigated, using rule- and constraint-based frameworks. Problem-solving, data-handling, and critical thinking are key skills developed in this module, and by treating all languages equally in terms of what they can tell us about human communication, the module is inherently diverse and inclusive. As well as being a core part of theoretical linguistics, an understanding of phonology is essential to the studies of historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, speech pathologies, language acquisition, and computerised speech synthesis and recognition technologies.

20 credits

The History of Persuasion

This module focuses on why some written texts seem more persuasive (or authoritative) than others. To answer this question we will look at non-literary writing from a range of different contexts: journalism, advertising, political speaking, science writing, and religious communication. You'll look closely at the language used in each context, think about what constitutes persuasive writing in each, and talk about why this differs from context to context. You'll also have a chance to look at the histories of these different kinds of text. Examples from earlier periods look different from what we are used to in the 21st century and it is fascinating to explore how journalism, for example, has come to look as it does today. All these types of writing are associated with powerful institutions: journalism with the national press, advertising with big corporations, political speaking with the major political parties. But we will also explore how people with more marginalised identities use them, resist them, and are represented through them. The overall aim is help you become more critical in your response to the different kinds of written communication that surround us and this is valuable in many of the careers that English graduates go into.

20 credits

Sociolinguistics

Is there any use of language that isn't social? To what extent do situation and context affect how we speak? In this module, we will explore the relationship between how we speak and our social class, gender, race, ethnicity, age and social connections. We also examine what constrains our ability to vary language use across space and time. You will be provided with the methodological tools necessary to carry out independent fieldwork and undertake your own exploration of language in social contexts. We consider both language practice (how people use language to do social action) and language perceptions (what we think and believe about speakers on the basis of their language variety). Consequently, in the course of this module, you will develop a sense of your own ethical responsibilities as language users and analysts.

20 credits

'That is not my (hi)story'. Shaping the future of our inherited past

'That is (not) my story'. Shaping the future of our inherited past We live in times  concerned with sameness and difference, with (national) identity, with the present and the future of the past. No wonder that the 'national narrative', or the self-image of the nation, is in flux when some celebrate past beliefs, achievements and power structures and others plead for reparative justice. 

In this module we will look at how narratives, in particular national narratives, are shaped; how ideas of difference and sameness are articulated; and how the 'cultural archive' of different nations is affected by and represented in, for example, texts, political speeches and party manifestos, in museum exhibitions, in films, in monuments and traditions etc. We will look at Europe (including Britain), Latin America and Africa to consider how point of view impacts on how you perceive the past, present and future.  

This is a complicated way of saying: how is the story 'we know' about the history of the nation told? Who gets to tell the tale? How do we come to believe in a collective history, a national history, a national character? And how is this shifting? 

We will look at two broad topics across the various nations and languages: 

- Representation of imperial past and its legacies- Conflict and commemoration culture

We will broadly address three questions:

- History in public spaces: What/who do we remember here and who steers this memory?- History and commemoration/celebration - History and me - what about my sense of the nation? 

20 credits

Languages of Gender and Sexuality

Gender and sexuality have always been diverse, and have been conceived in different ways over time and in specific (sub)cultural contexts or counterpublics.  Throughout history and around the world, languages change to represent gender and sexual non-conformity. Gender and sexuality are themselves acts of translation, and parts of grammar: of language, and of social relations. This module examines theories past and present, surprising and paradoxical timelines of women's suffrage, early examples of queer activism, and cultural representations - all in your languages of study (French, German, or Spanish). You shall explore texts by writers who travelled abroad, and wrote in a foreign language, to express their authentic selves. Love that dared to speak its name needed multilingual dictionaries

20 credits

Language and the Self

This module explores the complex relationship between language, identity, and sociocultural groups, encouraging you to critically engage with your chosen language(s) in personal, social, and political contexts. Through an interdisciplinary approach, you will examine what it means to be a 'legitimate' speaker, how language operates within diverse cultural groups (e.g. gender identity), and the role of cultural practices and artefacts in shaping identities. The module integrates technology as a tool for multilingual engagement and self-reflection and fosters online enquiry, communication and research skills, including in ethnography. This module encourages you to see yourselves as active participants in multilingual societies, equipping you with the critical tools, intercultural competence, linguistic confidence, and digital literacy to navigate diverse linguistic and cultural landscapes during  the Year Abroad and beyond.

20 credits

Translation

This module aims to introduce students to key concepts, approaches, and practices in translation, considering both traditional methods and contemporary developments. While translation continues to evolve, this module will cover foundational translation techniques, the role of the translator, and the principles that have shaped the field over time. You will explore core aspects of translation theory and practice, including literary and specialised translation, comparative stylistics, and the role of cultural and linguistic mediation, with extensive practice in your studied languages.The module will also consider more recent developments in translation technologies, including subtitling, dubbing, and interlingual adaptation, as well as the ethical and practical challenges translators face in various professional settings. Through a series of lectures and practical workshops, students will gain hands-on experience in translation tasks, refine their linguistic and analytical skills, and collaborate on translation projects.

20 credits

Revolutions and Revolutionary Trends

Students will examine the continuities and transformations in the political development of diverse revolutionary trends by looking at a series of global case studies. Through a combination of interactive lectures, flipped learning, and student-led discussions, students will analyse and account for the rise of diverse forms of political organisation and explore their social and cultural ramifications. This approach will enable students to critically evaluate how these movements are constructed, articulated, and occasionally interrelated, and how they reflect or shape broader social, political, and cultural dynamics. Through this process, students will deepen their comprehension of the complexities inherent in specific resistance and revolutionary movements and ideologies.

20 credits

You will also have the option to select 20 credits of Languages for All modules.

Autumn semester:

French Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub.

Germanic Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub.

Hispanic Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub.

Russian and Slavonic Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub.

Luxembourg Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub

Spring semester:

French Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub.

Germanic Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub.

Hispanic Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub.

Russian and Slavonic Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub

Luxembourg Studies Year Abroad

All students studying on a Modern Languages degree in the School of Languages, Arts and Societies will spend their third year either studying and/or working abroad. The year abroad enables you to immerse yourself in the language, culture and society of the language or languages you study. As our languages are spoken both in Europe and worldwide, you have the opportunity to choose destinations not only in Europe but beyond. You will be required to spend a specific amount of time abroad.

The assessment for this module is on a Pass/Fail basis and it will vary depending on how you spend your year abroad (at University, on a work placement, on a British Council placement). Full details of the assessment you are required to do, and the residency requirements, will be provided in the Student Hub

core modules:

Research Project 1
Research Project 2

Core language modules, select one from the list below which corresponds to you chosen language:

French Proficient

This unit aims to perfect the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate as a near-native speaker in the target country, whether for professional, academic or recreational purposes, and to consolidate the strategies and techniques to become a fully autonomous, life-long learner of the language and culture (CEF level C2).

20 credits

German Proficient

This unit aims to perfect the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate as a near-native speaker in the target country, whether for professional, academic or recreational purposes, and to consolidate the strategies and techniques to become a fully autonomous, life-long learner of the language and culture (CEF level C2).

20 credits

Dutch Proficient

This unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate as a near-native speaker in the target country, whether for professional, academic or recreational purposes, and to develop strategies and techniques to become a fully autonomous, life-long learner of the language and culture. Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to: perform at Level C1 of the CEFR understand television programmes and films without too much effort, and extended speech even when it is not clearly structured and when relationships are only implied and not signalled explicitly understand fairly long and complex factual or literary texts, including specialised articles, appreciating distinctions of style and genre express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions, using language flexibly and effectively for social and professional purposes, formulating complex ideas and opinions with precision, and relating their contribution skilfully to those of other speakers write about fairly complex academic, professional or personal subjects in a letter, essay or report, expressing their points of view at some length within a logical structure and in a style appropriate to the reader in mind demonstrate a critical understanding of cultural and social trends and associated behaviours in areas where the language is spoken so as to engage efficiently with native speakers in most communicative situations, including academic or professional ones demonstrate a strategic ability to study the language by themselves for specific purposes, assessing their long-term language needs and cultural interests, setting themselves goals in relation to these, and using specialist tools as well as experimenting with a range of resources and techniques to achieve these goals with maximum efficiency demonstrate advanced competence in a number of transferable skills such as IT skills, researching, presenting and analysing information, defending an argument and negotiating, intercultural and language awareness, autonomous learning, social media communication, etc.

20 credits

Russian Proficient

This unit aims to perfect the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate as a near-native speaker in the target country, whether for professional, academic or recreational purposes, and to consolidate the strategies and techniques to become a fully autonomous, life-long learner of the language and culture.

Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to: perform at Level C2 of the CEFR', understand without any difficulty any kind of spoken language, whether live or broadcast, even when delivered at fast native speed, provided they have some time to get familiar with the accent read with ease virtually all forms of the written language, including abstract, structurally or linguistically complex texts such as manuals, specialised articles and literary works take part effortlessly in any conversation, discussion or presentation, expressing themselves fluently and idiomatically according to the context, developing an effective logical structure if necessary and conveying finer shades of meaning precisely produce a variety of professional texts (letters, reports, articles, etc.), presenting complex ideas and finer shades of meaning within an effective logical structure and with an excellent command of the appropriate style demonstrate an extended critical understanding of cultural, social and professional trends and associated behaviours in areas where the language is spoken so as to engage efficiently with native speakers in complex or conflictual communicative situations, whether academic, professional, or other study the language and culture fully independently for a variety of purposes, maintaining and enhancing their level of proficiency beyond the institutional framework through a personal routine of exposure to, and practise of, the languag demonstrate proficiency in a number of transferable skills such as IT skills, researching, presenting and analysing information, defending an argument and negotiating, intercultural and language awareness, autonomous learning, social media communication, etc.

20 credits

Czech Proficient

Delivered through small-group interactive seminars and tutorials, this unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills to start interacting and socializing in a fairly authentic and spontaneous way with native speakers in a range of advanced but usually predictable situations which would be encountered during, for instance, a short stay or placement abroad (CEF level B1+).

20 credits

Spanish Proficient

This unit aims to perfect the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate as a near-native speaker in the target country, whether for professional, academic or recreational purposes, and to consolidate the strategies and techniques to become a fully autonomous, life-long learner of the language and culture (CEF level C2).

20 credits

Catalan Proficient

This unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate as a near-native speaker in the target country, whether for professional, academic or recreational purposes, and to develop strategies and techniques to become a fully autonomous, life-long learner of the language and culture. Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to: perform at Level C1 of the CEFR understand television programmes and films without too much effort, and extended speech even when it is not clearly structured and when relationships are only implied and not signalled explicitly understand fairly long and complex factual or literary texts, including specialised articles, appreciating distinctions of style and genre express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions, using language flexibly and effectively for social and professional purposes, formulating complex ideas and opinions with precision, and relating their contribution skilfully to those of other speakers write about fairly complex academic, professional or personal subjects in a letter, essay or report, expressing their points of view at some length within a logical structure and in a style appropriate to the reader in mind demonstrate a critical understanding of cultural and social trends and associated behaviours in areas where the language is spoken so as to engage efficiently with native speakers in most communicative situations, including academic or professional ones demonstrate a strategic ability to study the language by themselves for specific purposes, assessing their long-term language needs and cultural interests, setting themselves goals in relation to these, and using specialist tools as well as experimenting with a range of resources and techniques to achieve these goals with maximum efficiency demonstrate advanced competence in a number of transferable skills such as IT skills, researching, presenting and analysing information, defending an argument and negotiating, intercultural and language awareness, autonomous learning, social media communication, etc.

20 credits

Portuguese Proficient

This unit aims to consolidate the linguistic and cultural skills required to operate as a near-native speaker in the target country, whether for professional, academic or recreational purposes, and to develop strategies and techniques to become a fully autonomous, life-long learner of the language and culture. Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to: perform at Level C1 of the CEFR understand television programmes and films without too much effort, and extended speech even when it is not clearly structured and when relationships are only implied and not signalled explicitly understand fairly long and complex factual or literary texts, including specialised articles, appreciating distinctions of style and genre express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions, using language flexibly and effectively for social and professional purposes, formulating complex ideas and opinions with precision, and relating their contribution skilfully to those of other speakers write about fairly complex academic, professional or personal subjects in a letter, essay or report, expressing their points of view at some length within a logical structure and in a style appropriate to the reader in mind demonstrate a critical understanding of cultural and social trends and associated behaviours in areas where the language is spoken so as to engage efficiently with native speakers in most communicative situations, including academic or professional ones demonstrate a strategic ability to study the language by themselves for specific purposes, assessing their long-term language needs and cultural interests, setting themselves goals in relation to these, and using specialist tools as well as experimenting with a range of resources and techniques to achieve these goals with maximum efficiency demonstrate advanced competence in a number of transferable skills such as IT skills, researching, presenting and analysing information, defending an argument and negotiating, intercultural and language awareness, autonomous learning, social media communication, etc.

20 credits

Optional modules:

Languages and Social Justice

Advanced Syntax

This module builds on the material covered in the module Syntax, focusing on both the universal and language-specific rules that govern syntactic structure in human language. The topics covered will intoduce new areas of syntactic structure, including further instances of movement, a more nuanced understanding of verbal structure, and a greater emphasis on data from languages other than English. It will also introduce more links between syntax and other areas of linguistic research, including prosodic intonation and language dialects.

20 credits

Historical Pragmatics

Historical pragmatics is an exciting and relatively new field which takes a holistic approach (i.e. inclusive of linguistic, social and historical factors) to studying how language users communicated and constructed meaning in earlier periods. Based on the study of English, the aims of this course are: 1) to introduce the study of historical discourse as evidenced by (for example) correspondence and courtroom dialogue; 2) to introduce topics such as sociopragmatics, (im)politeness, and the 'new philology', grounding them in historical pragmatic theory; and 3) to offer an opportunity to perform historical pragmatic analysis through textual study and corpus applications.

20 credits

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

This final-year module is designed to provide you with a thorough grounding on the key theoretical and practical aspects of teaching English as a second or foreign language. It reviews the historical developments, methodological approaches and principles underlying contemporary TESOL practices. It also explores and assesses what we know about teaching the grammar and vocabulary of English as a foreign or second language, the processes involved in language production and reception in a second language and the implications for teaching and assessing the four language skills (i.e., reading, listening, writing and speaking). Finally, it discusses context and learner differences that influence and determine the teaching of a second language. The module aims to help you uncover your individual beliefs about language teaching and guide you to critically explore a variety of language teaching techniques. It also encourages you to critically reflect on the complex and diverse nature of language teaching, as well as to design lesson plans for specific educational situations that involve research-informed choices. On completion of this course, you should be able to understand, identify and evaluate the various TESOL methodologies and techniques, and select and apply the most appropriate ones for different learning contexts, including the design of lesson plans and activities to teach and undertake research on the various language features and skills.

20 credits

Constructed Languages

This module builds on theories learned in Level 1 and 2 ELL and Language and Literature modules, applying them to the constructed languages ('conlangs') created specifically for books, television, and film. Topics covered will include the grammatical patterns underlying the sound and structural systems of conlangs, the similarities and differences between conlangs and 'natural' human languages, the representation of historical change in conlangs, and the textual use and representation of conlangs in literature.

20 credits

Second Language Acquisition

This module will introduce students to major theoretical notions and assumptions in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) - a theory that investigates how language speakers acquire a second language both in adulthood and childhood. The module focuses on the second language knowledge that is by formal linguistic constraints, as well as on how it interplays with language differencs, language input and classroom teaching. It provides a historical overview of how SLA theories have evolved and examines influential concepts to explore how different arguments have been developed and how they have been investigated empirically. At the same time, the module offers students hands-on training in analyzing second language learner data. This will help students relate data to theories they learn and learn how to extend the data with a follow-up study.

20 credits

Psychology of Language

This final-year module in psycholinguistics examines the relationship between the human mind and language, addressing both theoretical and methodological issues. We look at the processes involved in speaking, listening, and reading, exploring the ways in which we represent and store linguistic knowledge. The core linguistic components will be investigated: phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Evidence from speech errors, language impairments, and neuroscience alongside classic psychological experimental work in the field will be considered. Students will gain a firm grounding in psycholinguistic theory and practice, and should acquire the tools to undertake their own research in the future.

20 credits

Social Approaches to Multilingualism

This module provides students with an overview of key topics in multilingualism, with an emphasis on the ways in which issues of language are linked to broader socio-political practices and debates. It allows students to gain insights into how theories of nationalism and globalisation may be applied to the analysis of texts and images in multilingual settings - with a particular focus on those in which Romance and/or Germanic languages play a central role - and it shows how debates about language are bound up with struggles over social equality and reactions to social transformations.

20 credits

Tales of Cities. Mapping and Marketing the Urban as a Site of Encounter and Conflict

Cities shape the way we see the world. In the 21st century most of us live in cities. They are archives of collective and personal histories. Cities are universes in their own right, generating social success and profound friction. They boast art galleries and epic sporting events. They are also sites of social inequalities; there is tension between heritage and modernisation, urban versus rural. 

In this module we will examine the city as a story, both real and imagined. We will look at cities as sites of conflict (think demonstrations and even revolutions); cities as places of (multi)cultural  encounter, places of languages; spaces where the relationship between the story of a city and the nation is shaped. We will examine what aspects are important in the way cities tell their own story and how their stories are constructed by others. You will bring your own language(s) and cultural experience(s) to this module by drawing on your Year Abroad (or travel) experience and your experience of Sheffield or your home town. 

We will look at formative city moments through visual and textual material such as films, documentaries, texts, photographs, monuments, buildings, etc. This module will be assessed by a portfolio you put together to respond to a specific commission from a city of your choice.

20 credits

Comparative Critique of Consumer Culture

Critiques of consumer cultures are as old as capitalism itself. This module takes the long view. Especially applying Critical Theory, we shall ask whether culture owes a debt to consumer society, or is a site of opposition - or both in one contradiction. Consumerism has given us growth and globalisation, for better and worse. It entails complicity in social problems, yet has been celebrated for enabling the self and individual (bad) taste. Mass consumption now threatens our shared environment, while also enabling political engagement in the everyday. Theory, the visual arts, and literature have all been critical of capitalism - but ironically, they can themselves be packaged as consumer goods. Examining a wide range of primary texts in your languages of study, from the earliest fashion magazines to film and branding campaigns, you will write two commentaries: one on a historical, and the other on a present-day source.

20 credits

Migration and its Representations Across Cultures

Using case studies from a range of areas and cultures, this module emphasises the importance of understanding socio-political contexts that shape cultural debates. This module will examine the cultural, social, intermedial and political issues at the heart of migration and transcultural communication while developing language skills.  The module will look at the mechanics of how culture is shaped and contested  through, for example, language, textual and/or visual discussions about representation and voice, or cultural responses to discrimination in multicultural and/or multilingual spaces. Students will study the multilingual and cultural factors that influence policymakers and practitioners, and explore how these issues are represented in mainstream media, artistic, cinematic and cultural productions. 

In this module,  students are encouraged to think about how their experience relates to the socio-political context(s) under study , creating a community of learning through shared discussion. In this way, students can choose a topic within the theoretical frameworks studied in class, and tailor these  frameworks to their own interests and experience.

20 credits

Global Careers in Languages

To study languages, cultures and societies is to pursue a subject area that is outward-looking and which actively addresses global concerns. Our graduates boast linguistic fluency and cross-cultural expertise, and offer a unique set of skills to employers in several industries.

This module gives students the opportunity to develop and connect specialist knowledge of their language(s) and studied areas according to four career pathways: Cultural industries; Politics, Community and Civic sectors; Translation and Teaching; and Global Business. Students will explore current debates and developments in these diverse sectors and industries, drawing on and extending their understanding of cross-cultural issues.

By learning from the trajectories of industry experts, studying a variety of highly contemporary case studies, and developing vocational skills, this module allows students to reflect on and extend the substantial professional value of their advanced skills and knowledge of languages and cultures.

20 credits

Music and Performance

What place does the performed word have in different cultures, societies and times? In this module, we explore how verbal performance can both collude with and oppose established power and how it shapes the personal worlds of both performers and listeners. You will respond to poetry, drama and vocal music of all kinds both critically and creatively, and will consider how these two ways of thinking build up our understanding of language, art and society. Your own experience of performance - which could be anything from taking part in a play through singing a song to reading a poem - will expand and consolidate this understanding.

20 credits

You will also have the option to select 20 credits of Languages for All modules.